ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: TLR is known to regulate the immune system in cancer. TLR-7 and TLR-9 can enhance the antitumor immune system in many types of solid tumors. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a biomarker of inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of papaya leaves extract on immune response (TLR 7, TLR 9) and inflammation (COX-2) in rats induced DMBA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This experimental study used Sprague dawley female rats of age more less 50 days. Rats were divided into 4 groups: Negative Control (NC), Positive Control (PC), Cancer Drug Doxorubicin (DOXO) and Papaya Leaves Extract (PLE). The study was conducted for 13 weeks. DMBA induction performed for 5 weeks with administration of 2 times per week. RESULTS: the expression of TLR-7 of PLE and DOXO was higher than PC groups significantly different (p<0.05). The expression of TLR-9 of PLE was higher than NC, PC and DOXO groups but not significantly different (p>0.05) while the expression of COX-2 of PLE and DOXO groups was lower than NC and PC groups but not significantly different (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that papaya leaves extract can improve the immune system and reduce inflammation. It shows that papaya leaves extract has potent as anti-cancer.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Carica , Cyclooxygenase 2/blood , Inflammation/prevention & control , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Leaves , Toll-Like Receptor 7/blood , Toll-Like Receptor 9/blood , 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene , Adaptive Immunity/drug effects , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Biomarkers/blood , Carica/chemistry , Doxorubicin/pharmacology , Female , Inflammation/blood , Inflammation/chemically induced , Neoplasms/blood , Neoplasms/chemically induced , Neoplasms/prevention & control , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women. Chemotherapy is the main method of breast cancer treatment but there are side effects. Carica papaya leaves is vegetable foods consumed by most people of Indonesia have potential as anticancer. The aim of this study was to investigate anti-proliferative and apoptotic induced effect of aqueous papaya leaves extracts on human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Inhibitory on cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay while apoptosis induction was measured using Annexin V. RESULTS: The results showed that papaya leaf can inhibit the proliferation of human breast cancer cells MCF-7 with IC50 in 1319.25 µg mL-1. The IC50 values of papaya leaf extract was higher than the IC50 value quercetin and doxorubicin. Papaya leaf extract can also induce apoptosis of breast cancer cells MCF-7 about 22.54% for concentration 659.63 µg mL-1 and about 20.73% for concentration 329.81 µg mL-1. The percentage of cell apoptosis of papaya leaf extract lower than doxorubicin but higher than quercetin. CONCLUSION: This study indicated that papaya leaf extract have potential as anticancer through mechanism anti-proliferation and apoptosis induction.
