ABSTRACT
The association between impairments in swallowing safety detected via fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) and dysphagia complications has been evaluated in small studies that have not allowed obtaining precise estimates of the presence of such an association. The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk of dysphagia complications associated with the detection of premature spillage, residue, penetration, and aspiration via FEES. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature were carried out. A search strategy was established using terms of controlled and free vocabulary (free text) in the PubMed, Lilacs, Embase, Medline, and Cochrane databases. The initial search in the databases identified 3545 articles, of which 321 were excluded due to duplication, 3224 were selected for review of titles and abstracts, 45 were selected for full-text review, 37 were excluded for not meeting the selection criteria, and 8 were included for the final analysis, with a total population of 1168 patients. Aspiration increased the risk of pneumonia (OR 2.97, 95% CI 1.52-5.80, P = 0.001). The number of studies that have evaluated the relationship of other FEES findings with dysphagia complications was limited (≤ 3). One study found a higher risk of mortality in patients with aspiration (OR 4.08, 95% CI 1.60-10.27, P = 0.003). Another study that evaluated the risk of mortality in a combined group of penetration and aspiration found no higher risk of mortality. Penetration, residue, and premature spillage were not found to be associated with an increased risk of pneumonia, mortality, or other outcomes. Aspiration demonstrated via FEES was associated with an increased risk of pneumonia and mortality. There is insufficient evidence for the capacity of premature spillage, penetration, and residue to predict dysphagia complications.
Subject(s)
Deglutition Disorders , Pneumonia , Humans , Deglutition , Deglutition Disorders/diagnosis , Deglutition Disorders/etiology , Endoscopy , Fiber Optic Technology , Pneumonia/complicationsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis (CNPAS) is a rare cause of nasal obstruction in neonates with respiratory distress manifestations. Diagnosis is made with craniofacial computed tomography, prompt and precise treatment creates good outcomes in these patients. AIM: To present our experience in diagnosis and management considerations with this rare pathology and a case series of our surgically managed patients. METHODS: A retrospective, analytical study of CNPAS patients surgically managed over a period of seven years. Evaluation and follow up was reviewed. RESULTS: Thirteen patients were evaluated; pyriform aperture mean width was 5.5mm. Of these patients, 31% also had Congenital Midnasal Stenosis. Medical treatment failed for all the patients and they required surgical enlargement of the pyriform aperture. No complications were seen and all patients improved in symptoms and development. CONCLUSIONS: Congenital nasal obstruction can be fatal in new-borns, CNPAS is a rare differential diagnosis that must be completely evaluated, properly treated with conservative management and if it fails, with well-planned and executed surgery. Follow-up shows high rates of success
ANTECEDENTES: a estenosis congénita de la apertura piriforme nasal (CNPAS, por sus siglas en inglés) es una causa poco frecuente de obstrucción nasal en los recién nacidos, con manifestaciones de dificultad respiratoria. El diagnóstico se realiza por tomografía computarizada cráneo-facial. Se requiere un tratamiento rápido y preciso para mejorar los resultados en estos pacientes. OBJETIVOS: Presentar nuestra experiencia en el diagnóstico y las consideraciones del tratamiento de esta enfermedad. Se evalúa una serie de casos de pacientes tratados quirúrgicamente. MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo y analítico de pacientes con CNPAS tratados quirúrgicamente en un período de 7 años. Revisión de la evaluación y seguimiento. RESULTADOS: Se evaluaron 13 pacientes; la anchura media de la apertura piriforme fue de 5,5mm. El 31% de los pacientes también tenían estenosis nasal media congénita. Todos los pacientes fallaron al tratamiento médico y requirieron agrandamiento quirúrgico de la apertura piriforme. No se observaron complicaciones en los pacientes, mejorando los síntomas y el desarrollo. CONCLUSIONES: La obstrucción nasal congénita puede ser letal en los recién nacidos, siendo la CNPAS un diagnóstico diferencial poco frecuente que debe evaluarse por completo, y tratarse adecuadamente de manera conservadora; en caso de fallo, debe realizarse cirugía bien planificada y ejecutada. El seguimiento muestra altas tasas de éxito
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Nasal Bone/abnormalities , Constriction, Pathologic/diagnosis , Nasal Obstruction/etiology , Nasal Obstruction/surgery , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/diagnosis , Constriction, Pathologic/surgery , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis (CNPAS) is a rare cause of nasal obstruction in neonates with respiratory distress manifestations. Diagnosis is made with craniofacial computed tomography, prompt and precise treatment creates good outcomes in these patients. AIM: To present our experience in diagnosis and management considerations with this rare pathology and a case series of our surgically managed patients. METHODS: A retrospective, analytical study of CNPAS patients surgically managed over a period of seven years. Evaluation and follow up was reviewed. RESULTS: Thirteen patients were evaluated; pyriform aperture mean width was 5.5mm. Of these patients, 31% also had Congenital Midnasal Stenosis. Medical treatment failed for all the patients and they required surgical enlargement of the pyriform aperture. No complications were seen and all patients improved in symptoms and development. CONCLUSIONS: Congenital nasal obstruction can be fatal in new-borns, CNPAS is a rare differential diagnosis that must be completely evaluated, properly treated with conservative management and if it fails, with well-planned and executed surgery. Follow-up shows high rates of success.
Subject(s)
Nasal Obstruction/diagnosis , Nasal Obstruction/surgery , Constriction, Pathologic/congenital , Constriction, Pathologic/diagnosis , Constriction, Pathologic/surgery , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Nasal Obstruction/congenital , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Introducción: la apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS) se considera un problema de salud pública que afecta en gran medida a hombres y mujeres entre 50 y 70 años de edad, donde en ocasiones son, además, pacientes edéntulos, lo cual dificulta su tratamiento. Objetivo: identificar los aparatos intraorales existentes para tratar la AOS leve y moderada en pacientes edéntulos. Metodología: se buscó literatura sobre el tema en bases de datos y de patentes. Resultados: se encontraron cinco artículos y dos patentes. El objetivo terapéutico de todos los dispositivos es aumentar la vía aérea superior entre la bsise de la lengua y la pared posterior de la faringe, mediante el avance mandibular. Dentro de las principales desventajas que presentan estos dispositivos están falta de retención, dificultad para mantener la dimensión vertical, problemas musculares y trastornos en la articulación temporomandibular. Conclusión: existen pocos dispositivos intraorales efectivos en la literatura para el tratamiento de la AOS en pacientes edéntulos. Esto hace necesario diseñar futuras investigaciones en esta área.
Introduction: The Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is considerad a problem of World Public Health that greatly affects men and women between ¿0 and 70 years oíd, where some of them are edentulous patients which treatment difficulty. Objective: lo identiíy the existing devices for mild and modérate OSA treatment ¿n edentulous patients. Method: A comprehensiva review was conducted in the literatura and patent databases. Results: 5 articles and 2 patents were round. The main therapy objective ¿n all devices is to increase the upper airway space between the tongue base and the posterior pharyngeal wall trough mandibular advancement. Several problems with use of these devices inelude lack retention, difficult for maintain the vertical dimensión, muscular discomfort and Temporomandibular Disorders. Conclusión: There are limited effective ¿ntraoral devices in literatura for OSA treatment in edentulous patients. It is necessary to design futura investigations in this area.
