Racial/ethnic differences in dietary intake among a diverse sample of adolescents: An experimental study.

BACKGROUND: African-American (AA) and Hispanic/Latina (HL) females have higher obesity prevalence than do non-Hispanic Whites (NHW); this may be due to AA and HL consuming more energy-dense foods in response to stressors. OBJECTIVES: This study examined racial/ethnic differences in dietary intake under controlled conditions (relaxation and stress) in a diverse sample of adolescent females. METHODS: Participants included 120 adolescent females (30% AA, 37% HL and 33% NHW) who participated in a laboratory food intake study. Using a randomized cross-over design, ad libitum food consumption was measured following control/relaxation and social-evaluative stress conditions. Food intake was indexed as consumed calories, added sugars and solid fats. RESULTS: The effect of laboratory conditions on food intake varied by race/ethnicity, such that AA consumed more energy following relaxation than following stress. For NHW and HL, food intake did not differ between conditions. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, these findings are the first to directly observe racial/ethnic differences in food intake in response to acute stress, which may contribute to obesity-related health disparities.

Stress-Induced Eating Among Racial/Ethnic Groups in the United States: a Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVE: Racial/ethnic disparities in obesity may be due, in part, to minority groups consuming more energy-rich diets in response to greater stress exposure. The present study systematically reviewed the literature describing the effects of stress on food consumption among various racial/ethnic groups in the US. METHODS: PubMed and PsycINFO databases were searched for studies reporting associations between stress and food consumption by different racial/ethnic groups, conducted between January 1, 1999 to November 25, 2019. The search included terms related to food consumption, stress, and race/ethnicity. After screening 3660 records, 30 studies were included for review. RESULTS: The selected studies assessed diverse stressors and eating constructs; African-American and Hispanic/Latinx were the most commonly studied minority groups. Studies generally supported that diverse forms of stress exposure are associated with reduced healthy eating patterns and increased obesogenic eating patterns across racial/ethnic groups. However, studies that directly compared stress-eating associations among multiple racial/ethnic groups showed mixed results. CONCLUSION: Members of diverse racial/ethnic groups are susceptible to stress-induced unhealthy eating patterns, though evidence is insufficient to conclude whether the degree of susceptibility differs among groups. Additional studies utilizing observational measures of food intake and culturally sensitive measures of stress are needed to identify the most influential stressors on dietary behaviors, to assess whether some stressors are more salient for given racial/ethnic groups, and to examine the extent to which stress-induced eating contributes to racial/ethnic disparities in obesity and obesity-related diseases.

Despistaje de escoliosis / Scoliosis prevention

Se realiza una investigación en el Pre-escolar Andrés Bello de Barquisimeto, con una muestra de 248 niños con edades comprendidas entre los 3 y 6 años. Se utilizó una ficha tabulada para la recolección de datos, la cual incluía edad y sexo y un exámen clínico que podría ser realizado por profesores de educación física u otro personal entrenado, además de médicos y estudiantes de medicina. Del total de casos, veintitrés resultaron sospechosos (9,23 por ciento), quince (6,04 por ciento) fueron vistos con estudios radiológicos, de los cuales dos niños (0,8 por ciento), resultaron con diagnóstico positivo. no había antecedentes familiares positivos de escoliosis. Se dan recomendaciones a los padres, al Estado y se invita a la formación de un equipo multidisciplinario para despistaje de escoliosis