Axonal quantification of the white matter association fasciculi in cerebral hemispheres of cow (Bos taurus), pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) and rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus).

BACKGROUND: Cerebral white matter consists mainly of axons surrounded by myelin sheaths, which are grouped to form association, commissural, and projection fasciculi. The aim of our work was to quantify and compare under the microscope the axons of the white matter association fasciculi in the cerebral hemispheres of cow (Bos taurus), pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) and rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) indirectly by identification of their myelin sheaths. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The samples were taken from 30 cerebral hemispheres: 10 cow, 10 pig and 10 rabbit (15 right and 15 left). They were obtained following a protocol based on the Talairach-Tournoux coordinate system for human and primate brains. The slides were stained with Luxol Fast Blue, observed by optical microscopy, and photographed at 600×. Samples were also prepared for observation in scanning transmission electron microscopy with osmium tetroxide. The myelin sheaths/axons were counted with the ImageJ software. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences in the number of myelin sheaths per 410 µm² were found in the inferior and superior longitudinal fasciculi between the left and right hemispheres of cows, with predominance of the right hemisphere; and in the inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus of the rabbit with predominance of the left hemisphere. CONCLUSIONS: The use of animal models for experiments in the cerebral fasciculi, especially pig, could give us a greater understanding of the behaviour of demyelinating and neurodegenerative diseases in humans.

Nutritional support in inflammatory bowel disease.

Malnutrition is common in inflammatory bowel disease; deficiencies of multiple micronutrients and macronutrients can present a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the clinician. Enteral and parenteral nutrition have been used as adjunctive therapy to correct or prevent malnutrition in inflammatory bowel disease. In addition, some authors have advocated enteral and parenteral nutrition as primary therapy of acute inflammatory bowel disease. The efficacy of these nutritional therapies in the management of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis is reviewed.

Eficacia de la netilmicina en infecciones de vías urinarias / Effectivenes of netilmycin in infections of urinary tract

Se estudiaron 20 pacientes de ambos sexos, de edades primedio de 39 años, con infección no complicada de las vías urinarias, sintomáticos y con bacteriuria, causada por gérmenes susceptibles "in vitro" a < 1.25 mcg/ml de netilmicina. El aminoglucósido se administró en una dosis única diaria intramuscular de 3 mg/kg de peso corporal durante 14 días. Antes de aplicar el esquema terapéutico, durante la ejecución del mismo ya continuación se reañozarpm estidops de ñabpratprop ára evaluar las funciones renal, hepática y hematopoyética, asi como audiometrías y pruebas calóricas para valorar las funciones coclear y vestibular del VII nervio craneal. Se determinó la biodisponibilidad del antimicrobiano en el plasma de los pacientes los días 2, 5, 9 y 14 de tratamiento.

Respiratory Activity of the Mycelium of Eremothecium ashbyii.

The respiratory activity of the mycelium of Eremothecium ashbyii from submerged cultures was manometrically determined at different stages of its development and the results were statistically analyzed. The experiments were performed in a manner designed to diminish the endogenous respiration without affecting the response to the addition of an exogenous substrate. Lactose was the carbohydrate tested that produced the lowest oxygen consumption. The oxidation of maltose, which was high at 24 hr, decreased by more than 50% at 48 and 55 hr. Glucose and sucrose were actively oxidized by mycelium of three ages. From the intermediates of carbohydrate metabolism, 24-hr mycelium did not produce oxygen consumption with malate, lactate, citrate, fumarate, and alpha-ketoglutarate. At 48 hr, mycelium did not oxidize either lactate or citrate; 55-hr mycelium showed oxygen consumption with all intermediates tested. Acetate and pyruvate always produced high oxygen consumption. Ethyl alcohol produced high oxygen consumption with mycelium of all tested ages.