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1.
Rev. peru. ginecol. obstet. (En línea) ; 66(4): 00003, oct-dic 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1252047

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Antecedentes. Lograr un método ideal que evalúe el potencial de crecimiento fetal es una aspiración incumplida en nuestra disciplina, e impone la necesidad de una evaluación individualizada, a través de nuevas herramientas y multiparámetros integrados. Objetivos. Evaluar la correlación y establecer valores de referencia del índice cefálico/abdominal/femoral (CAF) con la edad gestacional (EG) y el peso fetal estimado, para tipificar la evolución del crecimiento fetal como adecuado o no para la edad gestacional, y correlacionar con el peso del recién nacido a término. Pacientes y métodos. Se estudiaron 1 032 embarazos con embarazo simple y sin complicaciones, de 12 a 38 semanas de gestación, en el Centro Policlínico de Valencia, Venezuela, entre los años 2015 y 2017. Las medidas ecográficas y el peso fetal se estimaron a intervalos de 3 a 5 semanas. Los parámetros estudiados fueron circunferencia cefálica (CC), circunferencia abdominal (CA) y longitud del fémur (FL), integrados en la fórmula índice CAF = [(CC + CA) -FL]. Se aplicó el modelo de regresión cúbica y puntaje Z en 256 casos seguidos hasta el parto. Se establecieron tres grupos de CAF: a) CAF <50, b) CAF 50 a 57, y c) CAF ≥58, calculando la media ± desviación estándar de los pesos de los recién nacidos en cada grupo. Resultados. Según las semanas de gestación, el índice CAF reveló un R² = 0,96, p <0,05, mientras que para el peso fue R² = 0,92, p <0,05. En 256 casos seguidos hasta el parto, cuando el CAF tenía valor igual o superior a 58, el peso del recién nacido fue 3 361 ± 484 g, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas en relación al resto de grupos (prueba de student p <0,05). Conclusiones. El índice CAF es un método multiparméetrico que permite, a través de evaluaciones seriadas, determinar el potencial de crecimiento individual esperado y virtualmente también identificar sus desviaciones.


ABSTRACT Background: Achieving an ideal method to assess the potential for fetal growth is an unfulfilled aspiration in our discipline, and imposes the need for individualized evaluation using new tools and integrated multi-parameters. Objectives: To evaluate correlation and to establish cephalic/abdominal/femoral (CAF) index reference values with gestational age (GA) and estimated fetal weight, in order to classify fetal growth evolution as adequate or not adequate for gestational age, and correlation with weight of the newborn at term. Patients and methods: 1 032 simple and not complicated pregnancies 12 to 38 weeks of gestation were studied at the Polyclinic Center of Valencia, Venezuela, between 2015-2017. Ultrasound measurements and fetal weight were estimated at 3-5 weeks intervals. Studied parameters were head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC) and femur length (FL), integrated in the CAF index = [(HC + AC) - FL] formula. The cubic regression model and Z-score were applied in 256 cases followed up to delivery. Three CAF groups were established: a) CAF <50, b) CAF 50-57, and c) CAF ≥58; the mean ± SD newborn weights were calculated in each group. Results: The CAF index revealed an R² = 0.96, p <0.05 for weeks of gestation, and R² = 0.92, p <0.05 for weight. In 256 cases followed up to delivery, when the CAF index was equal or greater than 58, the newborn weight was 3 361 ± 484 g, with statistically significant differences as compared to the other groups (student test p <0.05). Conclusions: The CAF index is a multiparametric method that allows to determine by serial evaluations the expected individual growth potential and virtually to identify deviations.

2.
Fetal Diagn Ther ; 45(4): 205-211, 2019.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30121660

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: In intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), increased uteroplacental vascular impedance contributes to preferential flow to left ventricle (LV), with consequent alteration of its compliance and increased left atrial (LA) pressure. Pulmonary vein pulsatility index (PVPI) reflects the increased impedance to LA filling and could be used as a cardiac monitoring parameter in IUGR. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 27 IUGR fetuses (group 1), 28 fetuses with appropriate growth for gestational age from hypertensive mothers (group 2), and 28 controls (group 3) were studied. Pulsatility indices (PIs) of pulmonary veins and ductus venosus were calculated by Doppler echocardiography. Obstetric ultrasound was used to assess the PIs of uterine, umbilical, and middle cerebral arteries. Statistical analysis used analysis of variance, post-hoc Tukey, and Pearson's tests. RESULTS: Mean PVPI was higher in IUGR group (1.27 ± 0.39) when compared to groups 2 (1.02 ± 0.37; p = 0.01) and 3 (0.75 ± 0.12; p < 0.001). In group 2, moderate correlation between PVPI and ductus venosus pulsatility index (DVPI) was found but not between PVPI and cerebroplacental ratio (CPR). DISCUSSION: Higher PVPI in IUGR reflects decreased LV compliance and altered LA dynamics. As LV dysfunction precedes right ventricle, our results suggest that PVPI could be an early echocardiographic parameter of fetal diastolic function in IUGR.


Subject(s)
Fetal Growth Retardation/physiopathology , Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced/diagnostic imaging , Placental Insufficiency/diagnostic imaging , Pulmonary Veins/physiopathology , Adult , Blood Flow Velocity , Echocardiography, Doppler , Female , Heart Diseases/complications , Heart Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Heart Diseases/embryology , Hemodynamics , Humans , Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced/physiopathology , Middle Cerebral Artery/diagnostic imaging , Placental Insufficiency/physiopathology , Pregnancy , Pulsatile Flow , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Umbilical Arteries
3.
J Perinat Med ; 47(2): 218-221, 2019 Feb 25.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30433877

ABSTRACT

Background The Doppler effect has allowed the characterization of several vessels in maternal-fetal circulation that have been used for practical purposes. Our review of the literature showed a paucity of information about fetal pulmonary artery pressure (FMPAP) and its behavior in regard to gestational age (GA). The objectives of the study were to evaluate a formula to calculate the main FMPAP and its correlation with GA. Methods A total of 337 fetuses without obvious pathology were studied prospectively using Doppler evaluation of the FMPAP. Using the fetal main pulmonary artery Doppler acceleration time (FMPAT), we obtained the FMPAP using the following formula: FMPAP=90 - (0.62×FMPAT). Regression analyses, Pearson's bivariate correlation and paired sample t-test were used when appropriate. Results FMPAT increases while FMPAP decreases with GA. Pearson's correlation coefficient for FMPAP and GA was -0.544 (P-value<0.001) and for FMPAT and GA was 0.556 (P-value<0.001). FMPAP and FMPAT were highly correlated (R=-0.972; P<0.001). Conclusion Pulmonary artery pressure in the fetus decreases with GA.


Subject(s)
Fetus/blood supply , Gestational Age , Pulmonary Artery , Ultrasonography, Doppler/methods , Ultrasonography, Prenatal/methods , Adult , Blood Flow Velocity/physiology , Correlation of Data , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Prenatal Care/methods , Pulmonary Artery/diagnostic imaging , Pulmonary Artery/physiopathology , Venezuela
4.
Rev. obstet. ginecol. Venezuela ; 64(2): 69-76, jun. 2004. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-394679

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la circulación umbílico-porto-ductal en fetos con edades comprendidas entre las 20 y 25 semanas de gestación. Se hizo un estudio prospectivo de 50 fetos provenientes de abortos espontáneos y sin malformaciones, los cuales previa fijación fueron disecados mediante secciones con bisturí y ablación mecánica e hídrica del tejido hepático exponiendo la circulación umbilical hasta la aurícula derecha en la Unidad de Perinatología de la Universidad de Carabobo y Centro de Entrenamiento en Ultrasonografía Perinatal de la Maternidad Privada Las Acasias, Valencia, Estado Carabobo. El sistema venoso umbílico-portal conduce la sangre desde la placenta, vía vena umbilical que se contínua con el seno portal, de este nacen las venas porta derecha e izquierdas intrahepáticas y el ductus venoso, la vena porta principal que es extrahepática, drena a la porta intrahepática derecha, la sangre del sistema porta drena en las venas suprahepáticas y estas junto al ductus venoso y la vena cava inferior confluyen en el vestíbulo venoso sugdiafragmático. La anatomía y la fisiología del sistema venoso umbílico-porto-ductal es de gran importancia para la evaluación de las condiciones hemodinámicas fetales. Para su abordaje es necesario un profundo conocimiento de su arquitectura habitual y resulta necesario el uso de una nomenclatura estándar


Subject(s)
Humans , Umbilical Veins , Ductus Arteriosus , Fetus , Blood Circulation , Venezuela , Obstetrics
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