[Cellular immunity indices in rectal cancer under surgical and combined treatment]. / Pokazateli kletochnogo immuniteta u bol'nykh rakom priamoi kishki pri khirurgicheskom i kombinirovannom lechenii.

The dynamics of cell-mediated immunity indices in 83 patients with rectal tumors who underwent surgery or received combined treatment (preoperative radiation + surgery) was followed. Cellular immunity was assessed on the basis of PHA-induced blastogenic reaction of lymphocytes (BRL) and spontaneous rosette-formation. In rectal tumor patients, particularly at stage IV, the level of PHA-induced BRL and the total number of rosette-forming cells (RFC) were lower than in healthy donors. Surgery did not produce any significant changes in cell-mediated immunity parameters: level of PHA-induced BRL decreased by 16,7%, while total RFC number increased by 17.2% in (mostly low-affinity forms). Preoperative radiation resulted in a significant decrease in lymphocyte ability to undergo PHA-induced blast-transformation (45%) and spontaneous rosette formation, high-affinity lymphocytes being most sensitive to ionizing radiation. Their fraction decreased by half.

[Etiology, clinical picture, and diagnosis of postoperative peritonitis in rectal cancer]. / Prichiny, klinika i diagnostika posleoperatsionnogo peritonita pri rake priamoi kishki.

Under analysis were 40 case histories and records of dissections of patients dead of diffuse peritonitis after operations for rectum cancer. It was established that in 1/3 of observations technical defects were responsible for peritonitis. Measures for the prevention of peritonitis are proposed when infection in the abdominal cavity is revealed during operation. An atypical course of peritonitis, not pronounced signs of pathological abdominal cavity results in diagnostic errors. Diagnosis of cardiovascular insufficiency is established in most cases. Peritonitis in patients treated with the use of preoperative irradiation is characterized by the inert course without leukocytosis in many cases. The main efforts should be directed to prophylaxis, i. e. an improvement of the operation technique, struggle against hospital infections, suppression of the microbial flora in the abdominal cavity which appears due to technical errors during surgery.

[Results of combination therapy of rectal cancer]. / Rezul'taty kombinirovannogo lecheniia raka priamoi kishki

A comparative study of the results of treatment in 264 patients treated surgically and in 236 patients subjected to a combination treatment, using an intensive concentration gammatherapy (500 rad daily up to 3000 rad), has demonstrated that preoperative irradiation does not result in a higher postoperative mortality. In the combination therapy all kinds of surgery performed for rectal cancer seem to be feasible.

[The frequency of tumor cell detection in the abdominal cavity during combined treatment of rectal cancer]. / Chastota obnaruzheniia opukholevykh kletok v briushnoi polosti pri kombinirovannom lechenii raka priamoi kishki

In 53 patients with rectal cancer, subjected to an intensive preoperative gamma therapy, and 14 patients, treated only surgically, washings from the abdominal cavity obtained intraoperatively were studied cytologically. Cancer cells were detected in every second patient of both groups. The frequency of their detection was conditioned by cancer localization in the rectum and a degree of its intraparietal spread. The data obtained indicate the efficacy of intensive preoperative irradiation that causes a radiation damage of tumor cells disseminated intraabdominally during the operative intervention.