Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury affects the glutamatergic signal transduction coupled with neuronal ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity.

Agonists of glutamate ionotropic (NMDA) and metabotropic receptors (mGluRI and mGluRIII) had the regulatory effect on ADP-ribosyl cyclase/CD38 activity in cerebellar granular cells of newborn rats. Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury was followed by dysregulation of this mechanism.

[The role of P2X7 receptors in modulation of the functional activity of peritoneal macrophages in mice with peritonitis].

The role of P2X7 receptors in modulation of the functional activity of macrophages in mice with model peritonitis has been studied. It is established that the functional activity of murine macrophages under such conditions is increased, which is accompanied by the growth of P2X7(+) macrophages and a bidirectional change of the their functional activity under the action of P2X7 modulators. The role of P2X7-associated mechanisms in regulation of the macrophage activity during inflammation is discussed.

Perinatal hypoxic and ischemic damage to the central nervous system causes changes in the expression of connexin 43 and CD38 and ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity in brain cells.

The expression of connexin 43 and CD38 and ADP ribosyl cyclase activity in brain cells were studied in rats with experimental hypoxic and ischemic damage to the CNS. Changes in the expression and activity of the enzyme were detected over the course of ischemic injury indicating a possible contribution of NAD(+)-converting activity and NAD(+)-transporting processes to the pathogenesis of acute cerebral ischemic injury.

[Features of senile cerebral amyloidosis]. / Osobennosti starcheskogo tserebral'nogo amiloidoza.

It is established, on the basis of the autopsy material of I. M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical Institute for 1983-1987 (517 patients who died at the age of 40-89 years), that senile cerebral amyloidosis (SCA) is a local form of senile amyloidosis which occurs in 4.4% persons over 60 years of age. At the autopsy SCA is revealed in 21.4% cases, but the examination of the brain for amyloid increases the percent up to 78.6. Amyloid deposits are observed as senile plaques in the vessels of pia mater, plexus chorioideus and intracerebral vessels. Genetic factors in the SCA development can not be excluded.

[The incidence and possibility of detecting various forms of senile amyloidosis (based on autopsy data from the clinics of the I. M. Sechenov 1st Moscow Medical Institute from 1955 to 1987)]. / O chastote i vozmozhnosti vyiavleniia razlichnykh form starcheskogo amiloidoza (po dannym prozektury klinik I MMI im. I. M. Sechenova s 1955 po 1987 g.).

It is shown that senile amyloidosis can not be detected without use of special stain (Congo red, thyophlavin T): not a single case was found when 17445 pathology records were reexamined for 30-year period. Special staining methods allow detection of senile amyloidosis in 6.8% of cases. Local forms of senile amyloidosis (isolated auricula amyloidosis, aortal amyloidosis, cerebral amyloidosis, amyloidosis of the pancreatic insular apparatus or that of seminal vesicles) constitute 85.4%, generalized and multiorgan forms--14.6%. Every form of the senile amyloidosis has its own features with regard to the incidence, age, sex and age peak.

[Methods for verifying forms of amyloidosis by a pathologist]. / Metody verifikatsii form amiloidoza patologoanatomom.

Potassium permanganate reaction, immunohistochemical assay using immune sera, and autoclave method combined with alkaline guanidine one are considered to be the most effective methods among those designed for verifying forms (primary, secondary, hereditary, senile systemic) of systemic amyloidosis.

[Senile cardiac amyloidosis]. / Starcheskii amiloidoz serdtsa.

The findings at 1625 autopsies performed by the authors in 45-99-year-olds and literature data have been analysed in relation to clinical and morphological manifestations of senile cardiac amyloidosis (SCA). It occurred in 2.4% of autopsies and accounted for about a half of senile amyloidosis cases recorded by the authors. IAA and SSA are two separate forms of SCA heterogeneous group in which IAA has incidence rate 3 times that of SSA. IAA is a local SCA form, SSA--systemic form (though isolated ventricular affections are possible). The mean age and sex-specific incidence rate differed: 72.3 and 78.2 years for IAA and SSA, respectively; for women IAA incidence is 3.5 times and SSA 2 times that for males. SCA forms presented various amyloidosis degrees, location, spread, as well as amyloid proteins specificity detectable by relevant direct and indirect methods. Differences in clinico-morphological appearance and death causes for IAA and SSA contributed to differential diagnosis between these forms as well as between SSA and PA.

[Senile amyloidosis]. / Starcheskii amiloidoz.

Basing on the literature data and their own experience the authors have proposed the classification of senile amyloidosis defining senile systemic (cardiovascular) Westermark, senile multi-organic (multisystemic) Schwartz, and senile local (isolated) amyloidosis (isolated atrial, cerebral, aortic, of the pancreatic islets, prostate, and seminal vesicles) with clinicomorphological characterization and data on the prevalence of each type of senile amyloidosis.