ABSTRACT
The risk of infectious and inflammatory complications after PNL is based on presence of microorganisms in the form of biofilms inside the stone. Destruction of stones during surgery or lithotripsy may be a trigger for the growth of microorganisms that are integrated into the biofilms, and the migration of bacteria and their toxins in the blood flow under pressure of irrigation fluid can cause septic complications. The danger of infectious and inflammatory complications after percutaneous interventions for kidney stones requires a search for specific antibiotics for antimicrobial prophylaxis and efficient modes of their administration. The results of a comparative study of pharmacokinetic parameters of ciprofloxacin, and the effectiveness of two modes of administration (bolus dosing and prolonged intravenous administration) at a dose of 1000 mg are presented.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , Ciprofloxacin , Kidney Calculi/therapy , Lithotripsy/adverse effects , Sepsis/prevention & control , Adult , Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacokinetics , Ciprofloxacin/administration & dosage , Ciprofloxacin/pharmacokinetics , Female , Humans , Kidney Calculi/blood , Male , Middle Aged , Sepsis/blood , Sepsis/etiologyABSTRACT
Generics constitute a significant part of the modern pharmaceutical market. The use of generics in the case of their equivalence to the original drug allows to reduce the burden of health care costs. Often, however, the quality of generics does not match that of the original drug. The results of study suggest that the investigated generics of tamsulosin may not be fully recognized as pharmaceutically equivalent to the original drug.
Subject(s)
Drugs, Generic/chemistry , Drugs, Generic/pharmacokinetics , Sulfonamides/chemistry , Sulfonamides/pharmacokinetics , Drug Evaluation , Drugs, Generic/economics , Humans , Sulfonamides/economics , Tamsulosin , Therapeutic EquivalencyABSTRACT
AIM: To evaluate the impact of using the innovative antiviral drugs in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) on the disease burden in the long term. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A program was developed to increase the availability of innovative antiviral therapy (AVT) in patients with CHC covering the period from 2013 to 2020. To evaluate the impact of the program on the burden of hepatitis C (HC) in the Russian Federation, a Markov model of the disease progression was developed till 2030. Calculations were made in medical and social perspectives. RESULTS: The implementation of the program will allow to decrease the medical costs by RBL 2 billion and budget costs, including disability payments, by RBL 3.8 billion by 2030. During this period, in GDP losses will decrease by RBL 1.1 trillion and the total burden of HC taking into account the cost of the program by RBL 1 trillion. CONCLUSION: For the first time it was shown that the expanding coverage of CHC patients with innovative AVT will allow to reduce the costs of health and social services.
Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy , Hepatitis C, Chronic/economics , Cost of Illness , Disease Progression , Health Care Costs/trends , Hepatitis C, Chronic/epidemiology , Humans , Program Development , Program Evaluation , Russia/epidemiologySubject(s)
Catheterization, Central Venous/economics , Catheterization, Peripheral/economics , Critical Illness/therapy , Equipment Safety , Catheterization, Peripheral/statistics & numerical data , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Critical Illness/economics , Humans , Infusions, Intravenous/instrumentation , Prospective StudiesSubject(s)
Angiogenesis Inhibitors/adverse effects , Macular Degeneration/drug therapy , Off-Label Use , Patient Safety/standards , Retina/drug effects , Aged , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics , Humans , Injections, Intraocular , Macular Degeneration/metabolism , Macular Degeneration/physiopathology , Off-Label Use/classification , Off-Label Use/ethics , Professional Practice/ethics , Professional Practice/standards , Thromboembolism/chemically induced , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolismSubject(s)
Algorithms , Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Europe , Evidence-Based Medicine , Humans , United StatesABSTRACT
The paper elwcidates the issue of interchangeability of original and generic preparations. Based on the analysis of the current literature, the authors claim that the trials which are conducted at the state registration of medical preparations to confirm the pharmacokinetic parameters do not always testify to the similarity of therapeutic effects of original preparations and generics. The choice of antiepileptic drugs remains an important issue due to the wide prevalence of the disease, the need for the long-term therapy and the narrow therapeutic index of basic preparations. The results presented in the paper suggest an extremely cautious approach to the use of generic drugs in the treatment of epilepsy because of the possible destabilization of disease course. The authors conclude that there is a need for creation of a database on interchangeability of original and generic preparations that will be available to the broad medical community.
Subject(s)
Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Decision Making , Drugs, Generic/therapeutic use , Epilepsy/drug therapy , HumansABSTRACT
The specific activity of new drug forms (tablets, suppositories, ointments) of dubinal was studies on models of ischemic damage to the heart, toxic hepatitis, aseptic inflammation, damage to the skin and mucosa of the large intestine. It was found that the drug forms under study possessed a cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing effect. This may serve as a prerequisite to their further clinical study.