ABSTRACT
The cellular and humoral components of the neutrophil chemotactic response were studied in 65 children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). An abnormality in both components was found during relapse. In remission the cellular component only was affected. Although less obvious than during relapse the abnormality persisted while all cytotoxic therapy was given, returning to normal several weeks after treatment had been stopped. The absence of significant infection in relapse in this series could be due to the fact that a remisison was achieved within 3 weeks in all patients. However, a positive correlation between the migration index and incidence of bacterial infection during remission stressed the importance of impaired neutrophil chemotaxis in ALL.
Subject(s)
Chemotaxis, Leukocyte , Leukemia, Lymphoid/physiopathology , Bacterial Infections/complications , Cell Movement , Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/drug effects , Child , Humans , Leukemia, Lymphoid/complications , Leukemia, Lymphoid/drug therapy , Male , Neutrophils/physiologyABSTRACT
Neutrophil chemotaxis and random migration were studied in 65 healthy children and 18 normal adults. The method used, the leading-front technique, was more accurate and reproducible than the lower surface count method. Chemotaxis in children under 15 years differed from that in adults. This age effect was most pronounced in those less than 6 years, and particularly in those less than 2 years. When investigating chemotaxis in childhood, comparisons with age-matched controls should be made.
Subject(s)
Chemotaxis, Leukocyte , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Cell Movement , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Leukocyte Count , Male , Methods , Middle Aged , Neutrophils/physiologyABSTRACT
Cerium chloride (1:3 complex with sodium citrate) was administered to male Swiss mice (6 to 8 weeks old) either intragastrically or subcutaneously at the 7 day LD5 or LD25 level. Open field behavior (ambulations, rearings) was quantified and tissue/organ Ce levels determined at 4 hr., 1, 3 or 7 days post administration. Via the i.g. route, Ce was poorly absorbed resulting in no observable behavioral alterations and no correlations between behavior and tissue levels. Via the s.c. route, Ce significantly (p less than 0.05) depressed ambulations and rearings, mainly at short times following administration of the LD25 dose. Analogous findings were obtained in a separate study of exploratory behavior. There was a significant (p less than 0.05) correlation between open field behavior and tissue Ce levels: thus, rearings were inversely correlated with lung, stomach, cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem Ce levels and ambulations were inversely correlated with liver, kidney, lung, blood, stomach, intestine, muscle, cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem levels. Spleen Ce levels and ambulations were directly correlated and it is speculated that the spleen may serve a protective function in the case of Ce intoxication.
Subject(s)
Cerium/pharmacology , Exploratory Behavior/drug effects , Motor Activity/drug effects , Administration, Oral , Animals , Cerium/administration & dosage , Cerium/metabolism , Injections, Subcutaneous , Lethal Dose 50 , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred ICR , Time Factors , Tissue DistributionABSTRACT
By employing the techniques of immunofluorescence and radioimmunodiffusion using (32)P-labeled poliovirus as the antigen, the immunoglobulin response to poliovirus in serum, nasopharynx, spinal fluid, and in different segments of the central nervous system (CNS) was studied after intramuscular, oral, intranasal, and intrathalamic administration of inactivated (Salk), live attenuated (Sabin), or live virulent (Mahoney) type I poliovirus. Spinal fluid gammaG antibody was detected after immunization with Sabin or Mahoney virus and intramuscular administration of Salk vaccine. The response in the CNS was characterized by the appearance of gammaG antibody after oral or intrathalamic administration of Mahoney virus and rarely after intrathalamic inoculation of Sabin vaccine. The antibody activity in CNS was limited to the areas of poliovirus replication. Intrathalamic immunization with Mahoney virus resulted in local gammaG antibody production in the CNS in the absence of any detectable response in serum. Discrete foci of gammaG-containing cells were observed in those areas of CNS which contained poliovirus antibody. No immunoglobulin-containing cells or poliovirus antibody was seen in the CNS of monkeys immunized with intramuscularly or orally administered Sabin or Salk vaccine and in sham-immunized control monkeys. It is suggested that the CNS, when stimulated locally with a potent replicating viral antigen, may manifest a specific local antibody response, which is independent of the response in serum.
