ABSTRACT
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is becoming increasingly prevalent in patients with diabetes mellitus in the Middle East. We examined the relationship of these bacteria and their resistance mechanisms to the diabetic disease status of patients in Saudi Arabia. Susceptibilities of 271 isolates to carbapenems, tigecycline and colistin were determined, followed by detection of carbapenemase genes. A blaVIM gene was detected in ~95â% of isolates; blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-40 genes were also prevalent. Diabetic patients were significantly more likely to carry carbapenem-resistant isolates. Carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii is a serious problem in diabetic patients, and molecular detection of resistance mechanisms in these isolates is required.
Subject(s)
Acinetobacter Infections/complications , Acinetobacter baumannii/drug effects , Carbapenems/pharmacology , Diabetes Complications/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Acinetobacter Infections/microbiology , Acinetobacter baumannii/classification , Acinetobacter baumannii/genetics , Acinetobacter baumannii/isolation & purification , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Diabetes Complications/microbiology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Prevalence , Saudi Arabia/epidemiology , beta-Lactamases/geneticsABSTRACT
The present study aimed at defining the testicular toxicity of propetamphos. Mature male albino rats (5-6 months old) were treated with propetamphos orally at doses of 0, 0.18, 0.38, 0.75, 1.5 and 3mg/kg/day for 60 consecutive days. Propetamphos at a dose of 0.38 mg/kg/day significantly reduced the sperm motility only. At 0.75 mg/kg/day sperm count, sperm motility, plasma testosterone level and activity of sorbiol dehydrogenase (SDH) were significantly reduced and sperm morphological abnormalities were significantly increased. At 1.5mg/kg/day weight of testes, seminal vesicle and epididymis were reduced dose dependently whereas, at 3mg/kg/day, weight of prostate gland and activities of acid phosphatase (ACP) and glucose-6-P-dehydrogenase (G6PDH) were decreased significantly. On histopathological examination indicated toxicity of propetamphos on testes depending on dose and observed at doses higher than 0.38 mg/kg/day. These results indicate testicular toxicity of propetamphos at dose of 0.38 mg/kg/day or higher in male albino rats.
Subject(s)
Genitalia, Male/drug effects , Insecticides/toxicity , Organothiophosphorus Compounds/toxicity , Spermatozoa/drug effects , Acid Phosphatase/metabolism , Animals , Body Weight/drug effects , Genitalia, Male/enzymology , Genitalia, Male/pathology , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , L-Iditol 2-Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Male , Organ Size/drug effects , Rats , Sperm Count , Sperm Motility/drug effects , Spermatozoa/pathology , Spermatozoa/physiologyABSTRACT
During oestrous cycles of the camel, spontaneous uterine contractions were correlated significantly with plasma oestradiol-17 beta concentration. Ovariectomy in the camel resulted in a decreased plasma concentration of oestradiol-17 beta (< 15 pg ml-1) and progesterone (< 0.1 ng ml-1) and caused complete cessation of uterine activity. Daily administration of oestradiol benzoate (5 mg, intramuscularly) increased the plasma concentration of oestradiol-17 beta (> 45 pg ml-1) and increased the frequency and amplitude of uterine activity. Coadministration of progesterone (100 mg, intramuscularly) increased the plasma concentration of progesterone (> 4 ng ml-1) and increased the frequency but not amplitude of uterine activity. It is suggested that uterine activity in the camel is correlated with the circulating levels of oestradiol-17 beta and progesterone.
