Synergistic effect of quercetin and quinic acid by alleviating structural degeneration in the liver, kidney and pancreas tissues of STZ-induced diabetic rats: a mechanistic study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic effects of quercetin (QE) and quinic acid (QA) on a STZ-induced diabetic rat model to determine their potential role in alleviating diabetes and its associated complications. In our study design, diabetic rats were treated with single and combined doses of QE and QA for 45days to analyse their effects on liver, kidney and pancreas tissues. The study result showed that QE and QA treated groups down-regulated hyperglycaemia and oxidative stress by up-regulating insulin and C-peptide levels. Moreover, histological observations of the liver, kidney and pancreas of diabetic rats treated with single and combined doses of QE and QA showed a significant improvement in the structural degeneration. Interestingly, the combination dose of QE and QA (50 mg/kg) exhibited maximum inhibition of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax expression and demonstrate enhancement of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 expression in the kidney tissues, suggesting a protective role in the kidneys of diabetic rats. Taken together, these results indicates the synergistic effects of QE and QA in ameliorating hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance in diabetic rats and therefore, open a new window of research on the combinatorial therapy of flavonoids.

Sorafenib in renal cell carcinoma.

Cancer is among most important causes of death in recent decades. Whoever the renal cell carcinoma incidence is low but it seems it is more complicated than the other cancers in terms of pathophysiology and treatments. The purpose of this work is to provide an overview and also deeper insight to renal cell carcinoma and the steps which have been taken to reach more specific treatment and target therapy, in this type of cancer by developing most effective agents such as Sorafenib. To achieve this goal hundreds of research paper and published work has been overviewed and due to limitation of space in a paper just focus in most important points on renal cell carcinoma, treatment of RCC and clinical development of Sorafenib. The information presented this paper shows the advanced of human knowledge to provide more efficient drug in treatment of some complicated cancer such as RCC in promising much better future to fight killing disease.