Cálculo do indicador de consumo de álcool per capita no Brasil: uso de dados nacionais / Calculation of the alcohol per capita consumption in Brazil: using national data / Cálculo del indicador del consumo de alcohol per cápita en Brasil: uso de datos nacionales

[RESUMO]. Objetivo. Calcular o indicador de consumo de álcool per capita (APC) para o Brasil utilizando dados nacio nais (APC Brasil), com vistas a estabelecê-lo como padrão ouro para o país em substituição ao indicador anteriormente calculado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) com base em dados internacionais. Métodos. Foram selecionadas, no Brasil, as fontes públicas de dados necessárias para a composição do cálculo do APC registrado e definida a concentração alcoólica por categoria de bebida. Para as variáveis APC turista e APC não registrado, indisponíveis no Brasil, foram usadas as estimativas da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) e da OMS. O indicador APC Brasil foi calculado e comparado ao indicador produzido pela OMS por meio de análise das medianas para o período de 2005 a 2020. Resultados. O indicador de consumo de álcool nacional foi de 9,2 litros per capita em 2005, chegando a 9,8 em 2020. Já o indicador da OMS mostrou, para 2005, um consumo de 8,4 litros per capita, com queda até 2016 e leve aumento para 7,8 em 2020. Conclusão. O APC Brasil foi calculado com base em fontes nacionais e mostrou tendência distinta em relação ao indicador da OMS, que se mostrou em queda. A disponibilização transparente e regular desse indicador por canais governamentais permitirá o seu monitoramento, possibilitando a elaboração de políticas para o enfrentamento do consumo do álcool no país.

[ABSTRACT]. Objective. To calculate the alcohol per capita consumption (APC) in Brazil (Brazil APC) using national data and to establish the Brazil APC as gold standard for the country, replacing the indicator previously calculated by the World Health Organization (WHO) based on international data. Method. The Brazilian public data sources necessary for calculating the recorded APC were selected, and the alcohol concentration was defined by beverage category. For the variables of tourist APC and unrecorded APC, which are unavailable in Brazil, estimates from the United Nations (UN) and the WHO were used. The Brazil APC indicator was calculated and compared to the indicator produced by the WHO through analysis of the medians obtained for the period from 2005 to 2020. Results. The national alcohol consumption indicator was 9.2 liters per capita in 2005, reaching 9.8 in 2020. The WHO indicator showed a consumption of 8.4 liters per capita in 2005, decreasing until 2016 and slightly increasing to 7.8 in 2020. Conclusion. The Brazil APC was calculated based on national sources and showed a distinct trend compared to the WHO indicator, which showed a decrease. The regular and transparent provision of this indicator through government channels will support the development of policies to address alcohol consumption in the country.

[RESUMEN]. Objetivo. Calcular el indicador del consumo de alcohol per cápita en Brasil a partir de datos nacionales, con miras a establecerlo como patrón de referencia para el país en sustitución del indicador calculado anteriormente por la Organización Mundial de la Salud a partir de datos internacionales. Métodos. Se seleccionaron las fuentes públicas de datos de Brasil necesarias para estructurar el cálculo del consumo de alcohol per cápita registrado y se definió la concentración de alcohol por clase de bebida. Para las variables de consumo de alcohol per cápita por parte de turistas y consumo per cápita no registrado, que no están disponibles en Brasil, se utilizaron estimaciones de las Naciones Unidas y de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se calculó el indicador del consumo de alcohol per cápita en Brasil y se comparó con el indicador elaborado por la OMS mediante un análisis de las medianas correspondientes al período 2005-2020. Resultados. El indicador nacional del consumo de alcohol fue de 9,2 litros per cápita en el 2005, con un aumento a 9,8 en el 2020. El indicador de la Organización Mundial de la Salud mostró un consumo de 8,4 litros per cápita en el 2005, con una reducción hasta el 2016 y un leve aumento a 7,8 en el 2020. Conclusión. Se calculó el consumo de alcohol per cápita en Brasil a partir de fuentes nacionales, lo que mostró una tendencia distinta de la tendencia descendente del indicador de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. La disponibilidad transparente y regular de este indicador por medio de los canales gubernamentales permitirá su seguimiento, con lo cual se podrán formular políticas para enfrentar el consumo de alcohol en el país.

Bilinear optimization of protein structure prediction: An exact approach via AB off-lattice model.

Protein structure prediction (PSP) remains a central challenge in computational biology due to its inherent complexity and high dimensionality. While numerous heuristic approaches have appeared in the literature, their success varies. The AB off-lattice model, which characterizes proteins as sequences of A (hydrophobic) and B (hydrophilic) beads, presents a simplified perspective on PSP. This work presents a mathematical optimization-based methodology capitalizing on the off-lattice AB model. Dissecting the inherent non-linearities of the energy landscape of protein folding allowed for formulating the PSP as a bilinear optimization problem. This formulation was achieved by introducing auxiliary variables and constraints that encapsulate the nuanced relationship between the protein's conformational space and its energy landscape. The proposed bilinear model exhibited notable accuracy in pinpointing the global minimum energy conformations on a benchmark dataset presented by the Protein Data Bank (PDB). Compared to traditional heuristic-based methods, this bilinear approach yielded exact solutions, reducing the likelihood of local minima entrapment. This research highlights the potential of reframing the traditionally non-linear protein structure prediction problem into a bilinear optimization problem through the off-lattice AB model. Such a transformation offers a route toward methodologies that can determine the global solution, challenging current PSP paradigms. Exploration into hybrid models, merging bilinear optimization and heuristic components, might present an avenue for balancing accuracy with computational efficiency.

Development and properties of biodegradable film from peach palm (Bactris gasipaes).

Formulations of biodegradable films using macrocarpa peach palm flour (low amylose starch), chitosan and glycerol, were developed and the effects of the drying temperature on films by assessing their physicochemical, mechanical, barrier, optical, structural, antioxidant properties, and the biodegradability in soil were evaluated. Chitosan enhanced the mechanical properties of the films, but they showed no antimicrobial activity against the tested food-borne pathogens, except for Listeria monocytogenes, for which the inhibition zone was from 0.1 to 0.6 cm. Films with higher concentrations of peach palm flour are opaquer, with better antioxidant characteristics and content of phenolic compounds compared to films made with lower concentrations of flour. The films presented a yellowish color because of the carotenoids found in peach palm flour, 29.63 µg 100 g-1, and exhibited a C-type X-ray pattern, characteristic peak of materials where amylose and amylopectin are present. After 15 days in soil, the films lost 30% of their initial weight. Therefore, these results suggest that the development of films as food preservative is a promising field and that the material used in the study are suitable for their formulation.

Five-year follow-up of a phase I trial of donor-derived modified immune cell infusion in kidney transplantation.

Background: The administration of modified immune cells (MIC) before kidney transplantation led to specific immunosuppression against the allogeneic donor and a significant increase in regulatory B lymphocytes. We wondered how this approach affected the continued clinical course of these patients. Methods: Ten patients from a phase I clinical trial who had received MIC infusions prior to kidney transplantation were retrospectively compared to 15 matched standard-risk recipients. Follow-up was until year five after surgery. Results: The 10 MIC patients had an excellent clinical course with stable kidney graft function, no donor-specific human leukocyte antigen antibodies (DSA) or acute rejections, and no opportunistic infections. In comparison, a retrospectively matched control group receiving standard immunosuppressive therapy had a higher frequency of DSA (log rank P = 0.046) and more opportunistic infections (log rank P = 0.033). Importantly, MIC patients, and in particular the four patients who had received the highest cell number 7 days before surgery and received low immunosuppression during follow-up, continued to show a lack of anti-donor T lymphocyte reactivity in vitro and high CD19+CD24hiCD38hi transitional and CD19+CD24hiCD27+ memory B lymphocytes until year five after surgery. Conclusions: MIC infusions together with reduced conventional immunosuppression were associated with good graft function during five years of follow-up, no de novo DSA development and no opportunistic infections. In the future, MIC infusions might contribute to graft protection while reducing the side effects of immunosuppressive therapy. However, this approach needs further validation in direct comparison with prospective controls. Trial registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier NCT02560220 (for the TOL-1 Study). EudraCT Number: 2014-002086-30.

Clinical data or scoring system for predicting mortality in elderly patients with hip fracture: A prospective study.

INTRODUCTION: Hip fracture in elderly individuals is frequent and is related to a high rate of mortality. Finding the best predictor of death will help to develop better patient care. Aim - To analyze the reliability of the clinical data and assessment scores to predict mortality in acute hip fracture in elderly patients. PATIENT AND METHODS: Prospective data were collected from all patients > 65 years with acute hip fracture from May to October 2020. The clinical data collected were age, sex, comorbidities, medication, type of fracture and presence of delirium. The assessment scores were ASA, Lee, ACP and Charlson. RESULTS: The statistically significant results were age > 80 years (OR 1.121 IC95% [1.028-1.221] p = 0.0101) and number of medications (OR5.991 95% CI [2.422-14.823] p <0.001). Three scores showed a correlation with mortality: ASA score (p = 0.017), Lee score (p = 0.024) and ACP score (p = 0.013). The Charlson Comorbidity Index did not correlate with mortality (p = 0.172). CONCLUSION: To stratify the risk of death, both clinical data and scores should be used. The best clinical indicators are age and number of medications, and the scores are ASA, Lee and ACP.

The stability of cardiometabolic risk factors clustering in children and adolescents: a 2-year longitudinal study.

Objective: The present study aims to verify the odds of remaining with the clustering of 3 or more, 4 or more, and 5 or more risk factors across a 2-year time span. Methods: Observational longitudinal study that included 358 children and adolescents (10.96 ± 2.28 years of age at baseline). Cardiorespiratory fitness, glucose, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, triglycerides, and waist circumference were assessed. The number of children in whom the risk factors were not independently distributed was analyzed. Odds ratios of presenting n risk factors clustered at follow-up according to the number of risk factors observed at baseline were calculated. Results: More participants than expected were found presenting clustering of 4 or more and 5 or more risk factors at both baseline (11.7% and 5.6%, respectively) and follow-up (9.5% and 5.6%, respectively). The odds ratios calculated demonstrated that the odds of presenting the same number of risk factors clustered or more at follow-up increased according to the number of risk factors clustered at baseline. Conclusion: The higher the number of risk factors a child had at baseline, the higher the odds of presenting the same number of risk factors or more after two years of follow-up. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-022-01174-1.

Induction of Long-Lasting Regulatory B Lymphocytes by Modified Immune Cells in Kidney Transplant Recipients.

BACKGROUND: We recently demonstrated that donor-derived modified immune cells (MICs)-PBMCs that acquire immunosuppressive properties after a brief treatment-induced specific immunosuppression against the allogeneic donor when administered before kidney transplantation. We found up to a 68-fold increase in CD19 + CD24 hi CD38 hi transitional B lymphocytes compared with transplanted controls. METHODS: Ten patients from a phase 1 clinical trial who had received MIC infusions before kidney transplantation were followed to post-transplant day 1080. RESULTS: Patients treated with MICs had a favorable clinical course, showing no donor-specific human leukocyte antigen antibodies or acute rejections. The four patients who had received the highest dose of MICs 7 days before surgery and were on reduced immunosuppressive therapy showed an absence of in vitro lymphocyte reactivity against stimulatory donor blood cells, whereas reactivity against third party cells was preserved. In these patients, numbers of transitional B lymphocytes were 75-fold and seven-fold higher than in 12 long-term survivors on minimal immunosuppression and four operationally tolerant patients, respectively ( P <0.001 for both). In addition, we found significantly higher numbers of other regulatory B lymphocyte subsets and a gene expression signature suggestive of operational tolerance in three of four patients. In MIC-treated patients, in vitro lymphocyte reactivity against donor blood cells was restored after B lymphocyte depletion, suggesting a direct pathophysiologic role of regulatory B lymphocytes in donor-specific unresponsiveness. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that donor-specific immunosuppression after MIC infusion is long-lasting and associated with a striking increase in regulatory B lymphocytes. Donor-derived MICs appear to be an immunoregulatory cell population that when administered to recipients before transplantation, may exert a beneficial effect on kidney transplants. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NAME AND REGISTRATION NUMBER: MIC Cell Therapy for Individualized Immunosuppression in Living Donor Kidney Transplant Recipients (TOL-1), NCT02560220.

Elaboration and Characterization of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADESs): Application in the Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from pitaya.

In this paper, natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) with lactic acid, glycine, ammonium acetate, sodium acetate, and choline chloride were prepared with and without the addition of water. NADES formation was evaluated using FTIR and Raman, where hydrogen bonds were identified between the hydroxyl group of lactic acid and the amino and carboxyl groups of glycine. Acetate and ammonium ions were also identified as forming bonds with lactic acid. The addition of water did not cause changes in the vibrational modes of the FTIR and Raman spectra but contributed to a reduction in NADES viscosity and density. Viscosity ranged from 0.335 to 0.017 Pa s-1, and density ranged from 1.159 to 0.785 g mL-1. The best results for the extraction of phenolic compounds from pitaya (dragon fruit) were achieved with an organic solvent (450. 41 mg 100 g-1 dry bases-db) in comparison to NADESs lactic acid:glycine (193.18 mg 100 g-1 db) and lactic acid:ammonium acetate (186.08 mg 100 g-1 db). The antioxidant activity of the extracts obtained with the NADESs was not statistically different from that of the extract obtained with organic solvents.

Effects of by-product from biscuit industry on performance and carcass traits of fattening Morada Nova lambs.

This research evaluated the effects of using by-product from biscuit industry (BBI) in the diet of fattening lambs of Morada Nova breed. Lamb growth performances and carcass traits were investigated. Twenty Morada Nova breed male lambs body weight (BW) 17.1 ± 3.74 kg, single born, and age 141 ± 7 days were divided into four homogeneous groups (n = 5) fed for 8.5 weeks with four experimental diets replacing corn with BBI at 0, 150, 300, and 450 g/kg. Experimental diets were consisted of 30% Tifton-85 hay and 70% concentrate on dry matter (DM) basis. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic in order to supply nutrient requirements of growing lambs with an average daily gain of 200 g/day. Increased feeding levels of BBI partially replacing corn did not affect dry matter intake, organic matter, and crude protein intake (P > 0.05). Animal performance was not affected by the dietary treatments (P > 0.05). BBI addition to the concentrate did not influence carcass traits, carcass measurements, quali-quantitative of Longissimus lumborum muscle, and meat cuts (P > 0.05). Partially replacing corn with a by-product from biscuit industry does not affect performance and carcass traits of fattening lambs. The BBI can partially replace up to 450 g/kg DM of corn on lambs' diets as a suitable agro-industrial by-product.

Suitability of two WHO research and development initiatives for COVID-19 to promote equitable innovation: the Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator and COVID-19 Technology Access Pool.

Objectives: To analyze the World Health Organization's (WHO's) contribution to promotion of access to innovative technologies by assessing its initiatives on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) research, development, and innovation. Methods: A document search was done for previous criteria used by WHO working groups to evaluate innovation and access merits. Two sets of criteria were identified. One set was used to assess the suitability of existing mechanisms to coordinate research, development, and innovation and pool funds globally. The second set was used to measure success in implementing demonstration projects and consider the extent of innovative components being implemented by them. These criteria were applied to the COVID-19 Technology Access Pool (C-TAP) and Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator (ACT-A) initiatives. Scores were classified as: meets the criteria (2); partially meets the criteria (1); does not meet the criteria (0). Results: Both initiatives met all the first set of criteria. C-TAP, an initiative based on a patent pool and other open knowledge approaches, best met the second set of criteria, scoring 7 out of 12 points. ACT-A, based on pooled funds, advanced purchase agreements, and voluntary contributions, met none of the second set of criteria. Conclusions: Equitable access to health technologies has been a recurring problem in recent pandemics and initiatives were proposed to prevent it. However, even though COVID-19 has been the greatest health crisis in the 21st century, market dynamics still prevailed. Income disparities between countries and lack of support for solidarity and a global health approach only aggravated the negative health and economic impacts.

Suitability of two WHO research and development initiatives for COVID-19 to promote equitable innovation: the Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator and COVID-19 Technology Access Pool

[ABSTRACT]. Objectives. To analyze the World Health Organization’s (WHO's) contribution to promotion of access to innova- tive technologies by assessing its initiatives on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) research, development, and innovation. Methods. A document search was done for previous criteria used by WHO working groups to evaluate inno- vation and access merits. Two sets of criteria were identified. One set was used to assess the suitability of existing mechanisms to coordinate research, development, and innovation and pool funds globally. The second set was used to measure success in implementing demonstration projects and consider the extent of innovative components being implemented by them. These criteria were applied to the COVID-19 Technology Access Pool (C-TAP) and Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator (ACT-A) initiatives. Scores were classified as: meets the criteria (2); partially meets the criteria (1); does not meet the criteria (0). Results. Both initiatives met all the first set of criteria. C-TAP, an initiative based on a patent pool and other open knowledge approaches, best met the second set of criteria, scoring 7 out of 12 points. ACT-A, based on pooled funds, advanced purchase agreements, and voluntary contributions, met none of the second set of criteria. Conclusions. Equitable access to health technologies has been a recurring problem in recent pandemics and initiatives were proposed to prevent it. However, even though COVID-19 has been the greatest health crisis in the 21st century, market dynamics still prevailed. Income disparities between countries and lack of support for solidarity and a global health approach only aggravated the negative health and economic impacts.

[RESUMEN]. Objetivos. Analizar la contribución de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) a la promoción del acceso a tecnologías innovadoras mediante la evaluación de sus iniciativas de investigación, desarrollo e innovación sobre la enfermedad por coronavirus del 2019 (COVID-19). Métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda de documentos de acuerdo con los criterios previamente utilizados por los grupos de trabajo de la OMS para evaluar méritos en cuanto a acceso e innovación. Se determinó que se usarían dos conjuntos de criterios: el primero para evaluar la idoneidad de los mecanismos existentes para coordinar la investigación, el desarrollo y la innovación y mancomunar fondos a nivel mundial; el segundo para medir el éxito en la ejecución de proyectos de demostración y valorar el alcance de los componentes innovadores que se están poniendo en marcha. Estos criterios se aplicaron a las iniciativas Acceso Manco- munado a las Tecnologías contra la COVID-19 (C-TAP) y Acelerador del Acceso a las Herramientas contra la COVID-19 (Acelerador ACT). Se asignaron las siguientes puntuaciones: cumple con los criterios (2); cumple parcialmente con los criterios (1); no cumple con los criterios (0). Resultados. Ambas iniciativas cumplieron con el primer conjunto de criterios en su totalidad. El C-TAP, una iniciativa basada en un consorcio de patentes y otros enfoques de conocimiento abierto, obtuvo la mejor cla- sificación en el segundo conjunto de criterios, con una puntuación de 7 sobre 12 puntos. El Acelerador ACT, basado en fondos mancomunados, acuerdos de compra anticipada y contribuciones voluntarias, no reunió ninguno de los criterios del segundo conjunto. Conclusiones. El acceso equitativo a las tecnologías sanitarias ha sido un problema recurrente en las pandemias recientes; se propusieron distintas iniciativas para prevenirlo. Sin embargo, a pesar de que la COVID-19 ha supuesto la mayor crisis de salud en el siglo XXI, la dinámica del mercado ha prevalecido. Las disparidades de ingresos entre los países y la falta de solidaridad y de un enfoque mundial de salud solo agravaron las repercusiones negativas a nivel económico y de salud.

[RESUMO]. Objetivos. Analisar a contribuição da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) promover o acesso a tecno- logias inovadoras mediante avaliação de suas iniciativas de pesquisa, desenvolvimento e inovação para a doença por coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19). Métodos. Realizou-se uma pesquisa documental dos critérios anteriores usados por grupos de trabalho da OMS para avaliar os méritos de inovação e acesso. Identificaram-se dois grupos de critérios. Um deles foi usado para avaliar a adequação dos mecanismos existentes para coordenar a pesquisa, o desenvolvimento e a inovação e reunir fundos mundialmente. O segundo grupo foi usado para medir o sucesso na implemen- tação de projetos de demonstração e avaliar a envergadura dos componentes inovadores implementados por eles. Esses critérios foram aplicados às iniciativas Grupo de Acesso às Tecnologias contra a COVID- 19 (C-TAP, na sigla em inglês) e Acelerador de Acesso a Ferramentas contra a COVID-19 (ACT-A, na sigla em inglês). A pontuação foi atribuída da seguinte maneira: cumpre os critérios (2); cumpre parcialmente os critérios (1); não cumpre os critérios (0). Resultados. As duas iniciativas cumpriram todos os critérios do primeiro grupo. O C-TAP, uma iniciativa com base em um consórcio de patentes e outras estratégias de conhecimento aberto, cumpriu melhor o segundo grupo de critérios, alcançando 7 de 12 pontos. O ACT-A, com base em fundos conjuntos, contratos de compra antecipada e contribuições voluntárias, não cumpriu nenhum critério do segundo grupo. Conclusões. O acesso equitativo às tecnologias de saúde foi um problema recorrente nas pandemias recentes e foram propostas iniciativas para evitar esse problema. Entretanto, embora a COVID-19 tenha sido a maior crise de saúde do século XXI, ainda prevaleceu a dinâmica de mercado. As disparidades de renda entre os países e a falta de apoio à solidariedade e a uma estratégia de saúde global só agravaram os impac- tos negativos na saúde e na economia.

Post-embryonic development of the female reproductive system of the Neotropical termite Silvestritermes euamignathus (Isoptera: Termitidae: Syntermitinae).

In termites, the maturation of the female reproductive system is progressive following post-embryonic development. In Silvestritermes euamignathus, the imaginal line is characterized by five nymphal instars that develop into the imago, but it can deviate in some instars to neotenic reproductives. In order to understand the rate of development of the female reproductive system throughout post-embryonic development, we analyzed the morphology of the reproductive system of nymphs, characterizing the stage of development and comparing it with neotenics and primary queens. We also followed embryonic development and compared eggs from neotenics and primary queens from incipient and mature colonies. Our results showed that gonadal development follows the post-embryonic instars, and previtellogenic oocytes are present in third-instar nymphs and are retained for the next two successive nymphal instars. The full maturation of the ovaries with vitellogenic oocytes requires molting to either imagos or neotenics. Eggs from neotenics follow the same embryonic development and each stage presents similar volume when compared to those of mature primary queens. Eggs of primary queens from incipient colonies are greater in volume than those of mature primary queens and of neotenics, suggesting an investment in egg quality rather than quantity during colony foundation.

Bioeconomic analysis of total replacement of corn grain with by-product from biscuit manufacture for purebred and crossbred Morada Nova lambs in feedlot system in the Brazilian semi-arid region.

The economic feasibility of replacing corn grain with by-product from biscuit manufacture (BBM) as an energy source in the diet for purebred and crossbred native lambs raised in feedlot was evaluated. Four production systems were developed based on nutritional management and genetic groups: (PS1) purebred native lambs fed a conventional diet based on corn and soybean meal; (PS2) purebred native lambs fed a diet with BBM replacing 100% of the corn; (PS3) crossbred native lambs fed a conventional diet based on corn and soybean meal; and (PS4) crossbred native lambs fed a diet with BBM replacing 100% of the corn in the diet. The extrapolation was performed for a module of 24 Morada Nova (MN) breed lambs (12 MN red (MNR) and 12 ½MNR × ½MN white lambs)) with an initial body weight of 18.8 ± 0.875 and 15.0 ± 0.838 kg for MNR and crossbred, respectively. Feed, animal acquisition, and labor present the total production costs. The greatest profits were obtained in the production systems that fed the crossbred lambs with BBM. The lesser cost of BBM contributed to greater total factor productivity regardless of genetic group (1.095 vs. 1.015 for BBM and conventional feed, respectively). Systems using BBM (SP2 and SP4) showed an estimated payback of 5.44 and 3.24 years, respectively, while the use of conventional feed contributed to negative economic data (PS1 and PS3) with payback period greater than 10 years. The use of BBM as an energy source in the diet of crossbred sheep was economically feasible and showed better economic indices when compared to the systems using a conventional diet.

Isolation and characterization of starch from purple yam (Dioscorea trifida).

As a starchy raw material, purple yam presents pigments and mucilaginous material, what can difficult the extraction of pure starch. The extracted starches of Dioscorea trifida by aqueous and alkaline ways were investigated for purity, thermal, physicochemical, technological and functional properties. The starch obtained by alkaline extraction presented higher water absorption capacity and pasting temperature when compared to that obtained by the aqueous extraction method. The starch obtained by the aqueous extraction showed higher oil absorption capacity and less water loss in the freezing-thawing cycles. For both processes, the starches exhibited B-type X-ray diffraction pattern. Thermal analysis showed that both starches pass easily through transition phenomena as observed by T0 and enthalpy values. The thermal effects presented similar behavior for both extraction methods. Although the extraction method induced changes in the properties of the starches, these changes did not compromise the functionality of the extracted starch and the purple yam starch was left unmodified. Starch can be used in preparations that require higher resistance to high temperatures as well as exposure to longer preparation times. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-021-05066-9.

Camu-camu [Myrciaria dubia (HBK) McVaugh]: A review of properties and proposals of products for integral valorization of raw material.

This review aims to evaluate the production and processing chain of camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia), giving suggestions to maximize the valorization of raw materials, demonstrating new product possibilities from processing to distribution and highlighting the suggested contributions. It is clear that despite the camu-camu pulp has important properties, a large part of its raw material, considered waste (around 50%) and formed by important bioactive compounds, can give rise to new products, such as bioactive extracts to be used by pharmaceutical, chemical and food industries, ingredients for bakery products, dairy and several others sectors, which constitutes opportunities, in addition to contributing to the reduction of agro-industrial waste and the preservation of the environment.

Enzymatic interesterification effect on the physicochemical and technological properties of cupuassu seed fat and inaja pulp oil blends.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of enzymatic interesterification process in blends with different proportions (w:w) of cupuassu fat and inaja oil (80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50 and 40:60). The interesterification reaction was carried out at 65 °C, agitation at 150 rpm, and enzyme concentration of 5% (w/w), for 6 h. Acidity index, melting point, consistency and solid fat content of the blends were characterized before and after the interesterification process. Fatty acid content was characterized in cupuassu fat and inaja oil and, nutritional quality indexes of atherogenicity (AI) and thrombogenicity (TI) were calculated. Enzymatic interesterification promoted a decrease in acidity (<0.6%) and changes in the blends' properties, making them suitable for food product preparation. All esterified blends (cupuassu seed fat:inaja pulp oil) presented suitable consistency properties, plasticity and spreadability to be used for the preparation of functional, table and soft table types of margarine and used in food preparation such as special fats.

Living Donor Kidney Transplantation in Patients With Donor-Specific HLA Antibodies After Desensitization With Immunoadsorption.

Due to the current organ shortage, living donor kidney transplantation is increasingly performed across HLA (human leukocyte antigen) or ABO antibody barriers. There is still uncertainty about the risk of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) episodes, which may limit long-term graft survival. From March 2007 to December 2016, 58 sensitized living donor kidney transplant candidates were identified and 38 patients eventually included in the study: 36 patients (95%) had pre-transplant and pre-desensitization Luminex-detected donor-specific HLA antibodies (DSA), and 17/36 patients (47%) in addition had a positive crossmatch result. Two patients had no detectable DSA but a positive CDC B-cell crossmatch result. Patients were treated with pre- and post-transplant apheresis and powerful immunosuppression including the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab (N = 36) in combination with thymoglobulin (N = 20) or anti-IL2 receptor antibody (N = 18). The results of the 38 successfully desensitized and transplanted patients were retrospectively compared to the results of 76 matched standard-risk recipients. Desensitized patients showed patient and graft survival rates similar to that of standard-risk recipients (P = 0.55 and P = 0.16, respectively). There was a trend toward reduced death-censored graft survival in desensitized patients (P = 0.053) which, however, disappeared when the 34 patients who were transplanted after introduction of sensitive Luminex testing were analyzed (P = 0.43). The incidence of rejection episodes without borderline changes were in desensitized patients with 21% similar to the 18% in standard-risk patients (P = 0.74). Thirty-six patients had pre-transplant HLA class I and/or II DSA that were reduced by 85 and 81%, respectively, during pre-transplant desensitization (P < 0.001 for both). On day 360 after transplantation, 20 of 36 (56%) patients had lost their DSA. The overall AMR rate was 6% in these patients, but as high as 60% in 5 (14%) patients with persistent and de novo DSA during year 1; 2 (40%) of whom lost their graft due to AMR. Eleven (31%) patients with persistent DSA but without de novo DSA had an AMR rate of 18% without graft loss while one patient lost her graft without signs of AMR. Our desensitization protocol for pre-sensitized living donor kidney transplant recipients with DSA resulted in good graft outcomes with side effects and rejection rates similar to that of standard-risk recipients. Adequate patient selection prior to transplantation and frequent immunological monitoring thereafter is critical to minimize rejection episodes and subsequent graft loss.

Recurrence-free survival and prognostic factors of odontogenic keratocyst: a single-center retrospective cohort.

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the 5-year recurrence-free survival and prognostic factors of odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) from a single-center retrospective cohort in the northeastern region of Brazil. METHODS: Forty cases of OKC comprised the study population. In the cohort analyzed, 18 (45%) cases were recurrent OKCs and 22 (55%) were non-recurrent OKCs. Recurrence-free survival was defined as the period from the release of the histopathological report to the occurrence of relapse or last visit to the service. RESULTS: Comparison of the clinicopathological variables between primary and recurrent OKC lesions revealed no differences in the frequency of epithelial thickness, presence of satellite cysts and cystic spaces, presence of an inflammatory infiltrate, locularity, and lesion borders. The frequency of symptoms was practically the same even after recurrence. Satellite cysts were more frequent in the group of recurrent lesions (n = 9, p = 0.002) and the presence of an inflammatory infiltrate was also significantly associated with recurrent lesions (n = 15, p = 0.006). Previous decompression or marsupialization was associated with recurrence of the lesion (p = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the most significant prognostic factors were previous decompression or marsupialization, as well as, morphological parameters associated with the recurrence cases were the presence of an inflammatory infiltrate and satellites cysts. The risk of recurrence is low but continues due to the particularities of epithelial proliferation in OKC.