Puérperas usuárias de crack: dificuldades e facilidades enfrentadas no cuidado ao recém-nascido / Puérperas dependientes de crack: dificultades y facilidades afrontadas en el cuidado al recién nacido / Crack-Dependent Postpartum Women: Newborn Care Difficulties and Facilities

RESUMO Introdução: os recém-nascidos de usuárias de crack sofrem os efeitos da dependência já nas primeiras horas de vida e podem apresentar quadro de irritabilidade, sudorese, hipertonia e dificuldade nos ciclos de sono e vigília. Essa realidade torna necessário o auxílio profissional à puérpera usuária de crack para sua instrumentalização ao cuidado do recém-nascido. Objetivo: conhecer dificuldades e facilidades de puérperas usuárias de crack no cuidado ao recém-nascido. Método: realizou-se pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa em uma maternidade do sul do Brasil, mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas com 18 puérperas. Resultados: a partir da análise de conteúdo, identificaram-se como dificuldades: abstinência da droga, não amamentação, falta de apoio familiar, vigilância dos profissionais do Conselho Tutelar, falta de habilidade para a realização de cuidados diretos ao recém-nascido, medo de machucá-lo e falta de condições financeiras. Como facilidades, revelaram o fato de o recém-nascido chorar pouco, ser tranquilo e quieto; apoio da família, vizinhos e amigos, e auxílio financeiro do companheiro e familiares. Conclusão: puérperas usuárias de crack necessitam de auxílio para desempenharem seu papel de cuidadoras do recém-nascido. Devem ser captadas durante a gestação e acompanhadas de forma a realizarem o pré-natal, orientadas acerca dos cuidados com a criança e acolhidas em serviços de apoio.

RESUMEN Introducción: los recién nacidos de dependientes de crack sufren los efectos de la dependencia ya en las primeras horas de vida y pueden presentar cuadro de irritabilidad, sudoración, hipertonía y dificultad en los ciclos de sueño y vigilia. Esta realidad requiere el auxilio profesional a la puérpera usuaria de crack para su instrumentalización al cuidado del recién nacido. Objetivo: conocer dificultades y facilidades de puérperas dependientes de crack en el cuidado al recién nacido. Método: se realizó investigación con enfoque cualitativo en una maternidad del sur de Brasil, por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas con 18 puérperas. Resultados: desde el análisis de contenido, se identificaron como dificultades: abstinencia de la droga, no lactancia, falta de respaldo familiar, vigilancia de los profesionales del Consejo Tutelar (Similar al Bienestar Familiar en Colombia), falta de habilidad para la realización de cuidados directos al recién nacido, miedo a lastimarlo y falta de condiciones financieras. Como facilidades, se encontró que el recién nacido llore poco, sea tranquilo y quieto; respaldo de la familia, vecinos y amigos, y auxilio financiero del compañero y familiares. Conclusión: puérperas dependientes de crack necesitan de auxilio para que cumplan su rol de cuidadoras del recién nacido. Deben ser identificadas durante el embarazo y acompañadas de forma a que realicen el prenatal, orientadas acerca de los cuidados con el niño y recibidas en servicios de apoyo.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Newborns of crack-dependent mothers suffer the effects of drug dependence in the first hours of life and can exhibit irritability, sweating, hypertonia and difficulty in their sleep and wake cycles. This reality means the crack-dependent mother requires professional help to be able to care for her newborn child. Objective: The purpose of the study is to identify the newborn care difficulties and facilities facing postpartum women who are dependent on crack. Method: A qualitative study was conducted at a maternity hospital in southern Brazil, through semi-structured interviews with 18 postpartum women. Results: The content analysis made it possible to identify a number of difficulties; namely, abstinence from crack cocaine, no breastfeeding, lack of family support, surveillance by professionals from the Guardianship Council, lack of ability to care for the newborn, fear of hurting the newborn and financial problems. As for facilities, it was found the newborns of crack-dependent mothers cry little and are quiet and tranquil. Support from family members, neighbors and friends and financial help from the partner and the family are possible resources as well. Conclusion: Crack-dependent postpartum women need help to fulfill their role as newborn caregivers. They should be identified during pregnancy so as to receive guidance during the prenatal period and orientation on newborn care and the support services to which they are entitled.

The Use of Illegal Drugs and Infectious Contagious Diseases: Knowledge and Intervention among Dockworkers.

This study's objective was to analyze the use of illegal drugs by dockworkers and provide risk communication regarding the use of illegal drugs and test for infectious contagious diseases among dockworkers. This cross-sectional study including an intervention addressed to 232 dockworkers, who were individually interviewed, as well as communication of risk with testing for infectious contagious diseases for 93 dockworkers from a city in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Poisson regression analysis was used. Twenty-nine workers reported the use of illegal drugs. Poisson regression indicated that being a wharfage worker, smoker, having a high income, and heavier workload increases the prevalence of the use of illegal drugs. During risk communication, two workers were diagnosed with hepatitis B (2.2%), three (3.2%) with hepatitis C, two (2.2%) with syphilis. None of the workers, though, had HIV. This study provides evidence that can motivate further research on the topic and also lead to treatment of individuals to improve work safety, productivity, and the health of workers.

Mental and Physical Symptoms of Female Rural Workers: Relation between Household and Rural Work.

This study aimed to investigate the relations among mental disorders, physical discomfort, household work and farm work among women. We conducted a cross-sectional study based on the administration of a structured questionnaire to 182 female farm workers. The data were analyzed by means of Poisson regression, where the significance level was set to 5%. Results indicated that 111 (61%) participants reported work-related mental disorders and physical discomfort was reported by 160 (87.9%). The participants with mental disorders and at least moderate levels of physical discomfort reported significantly higher levels of physical demand, time working (temporal demand), total effort and frustration with regard to farm work, in addition to significantly higher levels of frustration with regard to housework. Women with moderate or greater levels of both physical discomfort and frustration with farm work increased the chances of mental disorders. The results illustrate the complex challenge for health professionals in caring for women with mental disorders and physical discomforts related to their farm work, in the context of both the farm and domestic work demands these workers experience.

[Perception of fathers as for their involvement in activities with their children]. / A percepção dos pais frente ao seu envolvimento nas atividades com o(s) filho(s).

This is an exploratory, descriptive study with a quantitative approach and the aim to identzfy the perception of fathers regarding their children's needs; strategies used by fathers to get closer to their children as well as to analyze the influence of household chores and children's education in their fathers' lives. Study subjects were 92 men with six-year-old children, residing in the city of Rio Grande, state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). The results revealed fathers who are more engaged in activities with their children, valuing confidence, safety, as well as proximity to family as children's main needs, having prioritized the progress children make as well as attention to listening and conversation. Children's education does not aggregate more problems than they imagined, managing to plan life the way they seek to. These findings show that, in the sample studied, fathers have been able to develop more affectionate actions aimed at being more involved with their children.

[Parents' needs and concerns at different stages of the life cycle]. / Necessidades e preocupações dos pais em diferentes etapas do ciclo vital.

OBJECTIVE: this study aimed to identify priority needs and concerns expressed by fathers in the performance of their role in three stages of the life cycle: adolescence, productive age, and mature age. METHODOLOGY: this is an exploratory study with a qualitative approach, conducted with fourteen fathers residing in a municipality in the extreme south of Brazil. The data were collected between May and August 2011 by means of the in-depth interview. Through the technique of written discourse analysis and the array built upon Bronfenbrenner's bioecological theory, we obtained three categories: fathers' needs/concerns, generated in their relationship with the world of work; needs/concerns that emerged from the relationship of care with the children; and fathers' concerns about the future of the children. CONCLUSIONS: we identified that the concern with the future of the children was pointed out by fathers of all age groups investigated.

[Family labor: desired distribution of housework and childcare between spouses]. / Trabalho familiar: distribuição desejada do trabalho doméstico e cuidados dos filhos entre cônjuges.

This study investigates the desired distribution of family labor between spouses who have jobs and children of 6 years or less. This is a quantitative study developed with the participation of 92 couples living in the city of Rio Grande, state of Rio Grande do Sul Brazil. The desired distribution of housework and children care is predominantly an equal one, though the woman was seen as more responsible for the care of children. Management/repairing were subitems of the housework analysis, and were considered to be activities that should be mostly done by men. Knowing the changes of contemporary families will allow nursing to be less exclusionary and more flexible in its family nursing actions.

[The experience of caring for an alcoholic woman in the family]. / A experiência de cuidar da mulher alcoolista na família.

This study aims at investigating the care practices developed by the family of an alcoholic woman and understanding her perception of the care she is receiving. It is a case study, developed using a qualitative approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, performed in 2008 in a middle-class family home in a town in southern Brazil. The data were later submitted to analysis. The results show that the care provided by the family is centered on the needs for food, hygiene, sleep, rest and the transporting of the woman to specialized detoxification services, and that the woman views these actions as a form of control and punishment due to her addiction. We highlight the way the family cares for the woman and how this changed as her alcoholism evolved.

The purpose of the communication process of group activities in the Family Health Strategy.

This study identified the purposes of the communication process in the group activities of the Family Health strategy from the perspective of nurses. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and recorded with 60 nurses and non-participant observation with 19 group activities, analyzed according to qualitative content analysis. Five categories emerged: Health education, Clinical follow-up, co-responsibilization of patients, Team-Community Interaction, and Work Organization. These categories revealed that the establishment of reciprocal interactions among professionals, patients and families favor health promotion because it encourages the exchange of knowledge among the participants concerning their health experiences.

Nursing ethics and its relation with power and work organization.

Difficulties faced in the nursing routine, mainly in hospitals, have been reported without the resulting ethical implications to workers and especially to clients, been sufficiently questioned. The work organization can be the main source of suffering to nursing workers, related to the exercise of power of different actors involved in the health institutions, which can potentially cause multiple problems and distress of ethical order. This study aims to make a critical reflection about some relations between the nursing work organization, power relations and its ethical dimension. Strategies for an ethical performance of nurses and other nursing professionals in the organization of work in the healthcare institutions point to the need of these professionals exercise power in an ethical way.