ABSTRACT
The Ocotea complex accommodates most of the taxonomic diversity of Neotropical Lauraceae with economic importance and biological potential attributed to their essential oils (EOs) and extracts. However, the botanical taxonomy has had limitations due to the difficulty of identifying and delimiting species and genera. The chemical and molecular markers of Ocotea complex species in Pará state, Brazil, were assessed according to their EO compositions and DNA sequences of matK, trnL-trnF, and ITS regions. The multivariate analysis of EOs constituents has classified them into two main clusters characterized by oils rich in (I) terpenoids and phenylpropanoids and (II) sesquiterpenes. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis of species based on DNA barcode sequences on the Bayesian Inference (PP: 0.70-1,0) and Maximum Likelihood (BS: 72-100 %). The comparison between the volatile profiles and phylogenetic data indicates two main groups for these species collected from the Ocotea complex.
Subject(s)
Lauraceae , Ocotea , Oils, Volatile , Sesquiterpenes , Ocotea/chemistry , Lauraceae/genetics , Lauraceae/chemistry , Brazil , DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic , Phylogeny , Bayes Theorem , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Terpenes , Plant ExtractsABSTRACT
Lauraceae families have great diversity in the world's tropical regions and are represented mainly by aromatic shrubs and trees with significant production of essential oils (EOs). This work presents a review of the EO chemical profiles from specimens of Aniba, including their seasonal variations, geographical distributions, and biological activities in the Amazon biome. Based on the survey, 15 species were reviewed, representing 167 oil samples extracted from leaves, twig barks, and woods. Brazilian Amazon was the most representative geographic area in the number of specimens, highlighting the locations Belém, (Pará state, PA) (3 spp., 37 samples), Santarém (PA) (3 spp., 10 samples), Carajás (PA) (3 spp., 7 samples), and Manaus (Amazonas state, AM) (3 spp., 16 samples). The main compound classes identified in oils were benzenoids and phenylpropanoids, represented by 1-nitro-2-phenylethane, benzyl salicylate, benzyl benzoate and methyleugenol, along with terpenoids, especially monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, such as linalool, α-phellandrene, ß-phellandrene, ß-selinene, and spathulenol. The EOs from Aniba showed considerable variation in the chemical profiles according to season and collection site. The hierarchical cluster analysis classified the samples into two main groups according to chemical composition. This review highlights its comprehensive and up-to-date information on history, conservation, traditional uses, chemosystematics, pharmacological potential of Aniba species.
ABSTRACT
The essential oils (EOs) of leaves and twigs of Endlicheria arenosa Chanderb. were obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus and the chemical composition was determined by GC and GC-MS. In total, 47 constituents were identified and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (77.6%) were the main compounds found in the leaf EO, such as bicyclogermacrene (42.2%), germacrene D (12.5%) and ß-caryophyllene (10.1%). Limonene (33.2%), terpinen-4-ol (15.6%) and δ-cadinol (6.9%) were the predominant constituents in the EO of the twigs. Using the DPPH radical-scavenging method, the EO of the leaves showed the greater radical-scavenging activity (216.5 ± 11.6 mg Trolox equivalents (TE)/mL compared to the EO of the twigs (122.6 ± 6.8 mg TE/mL). Also, the EO of leaves displayed promising antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli (MIC 19.5 µg x mL(-1)). The present study is the first report about evaluation of volatile oils for this species.
