ABSTRACT
Abstract Background: Coffee hulls obtained from dry processing, have the potential to be used in ruminant diets. Objective: To evaluate the chemical composition and in situ degradability of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of coffee hulls treated with calcium oxide (CaO) in different environmental conditions (EC). Methods: Coffee hulls were subjected to treatments distributed in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, consisting of two levels of CaO (0 and 5%, on a DM basis) and two environmental conditions (aerobiosis and anaerobiosis) in a completely randomized design with four replicates, totaling sixteen experimental units. Five-gram samples were incubated in the rumen of two male cattle for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h. Results: Regarding dry matter degradation kinetic parameters, except for fraction b, the potential and effective degradability was affected (p<0.05) by a CaO × EC interaction. As for estimated fiber degradation parameters, the potentially degradable fraction b was affected (p<0.05) by CaO and EC. Treatment with CaO increased fraction b in 4.08 percentage points. Conclusions: The use of CaO in the treatment of coffee hulls increases the effective and potential degradability of DM and reduces the undegradable fiber fraction. Anaerobic condition is the best environment for the treatment of coffee hulls with CaO.
Resumen Antecedentes: la cáscara de café obtenida por procesamiento en seco presenta potencial de uso en la alimentación de rumiantes. Objetivo: Evaluar la composición química, la degradabilidad in situ de la materia seca (DM) y de la fibra detergente neutra (NDF) de la cascara de café tratada con óxido de calcio (CaO) en diferentes condiciones ambientales (EC). Métodos: la cáscara de café fue sometida a tratamientos distribuidos en un diseño factorial 2 x 2, dos dosis de CaO (0 a 5% en base seca), y dos condiciones ambientales (aeróbica y anaeróbica) en un diseño completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones, totalizando dieciséis unidades experimentales. Las muestras de cinco gramos se incubaron en el rumen de dos bovinos machos durante 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 y 120 horas. Resultados: para los parámetros cinéticos de degradación de la DM, a excepción de la fracción b, la degradabilidad potencial y efectiva fueron afectadas (p<0,05) por la interacción CaO × EC. En cuanto a los parámetros estimados de la degradación de la fibra, la fracción potencialmente degradable b presentó efecto (p<0,05) para CaO y EC. El tratamiento con CaO promovió un aumento de la fracción b en 4,08 puntos porcentuales. Conclusión: la utilización del CaO para el tratamiento de la cáscara de café aumenta la degradabilidad efectiva y potencial de la DM y reducción de la fracción no degradable de la fibra. La condición de anaerobiosis se constituye en el mejor ambiente para el tratamiento de la cascara de café con CaO.
Resumo Antecedentes: cascas de café obtidas pelo processamento a seco têm potencial de serem usadas na alimentação de ruminantes. Objetivo: avaliar a composição química, a degradabilidade in situ da matéria seca (DM) e da fibra em detergente neutro (NDF) da casca de café tratada com óxido de cálcio (CaO) em diferentes condições de ambiente (EC). Métodos: a casca de café foi submetida aos tratamentos, distribuídos em esquema fatorial 2 × 2, sendo duas doses de CaO (0 e 5% base da matéria seca) e duas condições de ambiente (aeróbico e anaeróbico), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, totalizando dezesseis unidades experimentais. Amostras de cinco gramas foram incubadas no rúmen de dois bovinos machos, nos tempos 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 e 120 horas. Resultados: para os parâmetros cinéticos de degradação da DM, à exceção da fração b, a degradabilidade potencial e efetiva foram afetados (p<0,05) pela interação CaO × EC. Quanto aos parâmetros estimados da degradação da fibra, a fração potencialmente degradável (b) apresentou efeito (p<0,05) para CaO e EC. O tratamento com CaO promoveu aumento da fração b em 4,08 pontos percentuais. Conclusões: a utilização do CaO no tratamento da casca de café promove aumento da degradabilidade efetiva e potencial da DM e redução da fração indegradável da fibra. A condição de anaerobiose constitui-se no melhor ambiente para o tratamento da casca de café com CaO.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Sugarcane silage has been increasing as a feed in the tropics by dairy farmers. However, sugarcane normally had high yeast population that leads to intense alcoholic fermentation and excessive Dry-Matter (DM) loss during ensilage and after air exposure, as well. There are several patents that have recently shown the benefits of applying Lactobacillus buchneri in forage preservation. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the changes in pH, DM, Water-Soluble Carbohydrates (WSC) and fermentation end product concentrations that occur in sugarcane silage with or without inoculation with L. buchneri after 45 days of ensiling. METHODS: Sugarcane plants were harvested with approximately 16 months of growth and chopped at 2 cm. Four strains of wild L. buchneri (56.1, 56.4, 56.9 and 56.26) and the commercial inoculant "Lalsil Cana" were evaluated. For all treatments, the theoretical application rate was 1.0 × 106 colony- forming units (cfu) per g of fresh weight. Data from the silo openings were analysed as a completely randomized design, with four replicates per treatment (inoculants). RESULTS: The treatment with L. buchneri affected the DM content, pH, Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) population, DM recovery, and concentrations of WSC, lactic acid, acetic acid and ethanol of sugarcane silage after 45 days of ensiling. Yeasts and molds populations and the concentrations of propionic and butyric acids were not affected by the treatments. CONCLUSION: Lactobacillus buchneri 56.1 and 56.4 are considered the most suitable strains for improving the fermentation of sugarcane silage and thus are potential inoculants for silage production. At present, we are preparing the patent application.
