ABSTRACT
The Omicron era of the COVID-19 pandemic commenced at the beginning of 2022 and whilst it started with primarily BA.1, it was latter dominated by BA.2 and related sub-lineages. Over the course of 2022, we monitored the potency and breadth of antibody neutralization responses to many emerging variants at two levels: (i) we tracked over 400,000 U.S. plasma donors over time through various vaccine booster roll outs and Omicron waves using antibody pools. (ii) we mapped the antibody response at the individual level using blood from strigently curated vaccine and convalescent cohorts. In pooled antibody samples, we observed the maturation of neutralization breadth to Omicron variants over time through continuing vaccine and infection waves. Importantly, in many cases we observed increased antibody breadth to variants that were yet to be in circulation. Resolution of viral neutralisation at the cohort level supported equivalent coverage across prior and emerging variants with emerging isolates BQ.1.1, XBB.1 and BR.2.1 the most evasive. Further, these emerging variants were resistant to Evusheld, whilst neutralization resistance to Sotrovimab was restricted to BQ.1.1 and further supported by lack of Spike glycoprotein binding to this variant. An outgrowth advantage through better utilization of TMPRSS2 was observed across BQ lineages and not those derived from BA.2.75. We conclude at this current point in time that variants derived from BQ lineages can evade antibodies at levels equivalent to their most evasive BA.2.75 counterparts but sustain an entry phenotype that would promote an additional outgrowth advantage.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is the third cause of hospital-acquired AKI, and existing clinical prevention and treatment measures such as hydration therapy and/or administration of antioxidants N-acetylcysteine treatment and other treatments still show little effect on the prevention and treatment of CI-AKI. This study aims to explore the effect of Danhong injection on prevention of CI-AKI.@*METHODS@#A total of 12 867 patients, who received coronary angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention, enhanced CT or vascular intervention in a tertiary hospital, were enrolled for this study. Among them, 423 in the treatment group received intravenous drip of Danhong injection, and 12 444 in the control group received routine medicine. Propensity score matching was conducted to balance confounding factors between the 2 groups and then the prevention effect of Danhong injection on CI-AKI was compared between them.@*RESULTS@#A total of 423 pairs of patients were matched successfully. The incidence of CI-AKI in the non-Danhong control group was higher than that in the Danhong treatment group (5.7% vs 2.4%). The difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant (@*CONCLUSIONS@#The results of this study support the use of Danhong injection in the prevention of the Stage 1 of CI-AKI.