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Introduction: Head and neck cancer is characterised as traumatic, when compared to other types of cancer, due to the physical, physiological and social impact it has on the patient. Objective: To evaluate hope and severe depression in patients with head and neck cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Quantitative, observational, and analytical; conducted in the outpatient department of the head and neck department of an oncological hospital in the city of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, with 60 patients with head and neck cancer being treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Data collection took place between May and September 2020, with the application of three questionnaires: socio-demographic and clinical; Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), to evaluate severe depression; and the Herth hope scale. Data analysis was through descriptive statistics and non-parametric Mann- Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation tests. Results: The age of participants ranged from 34 to 85 years, with 61.7% being male. The diagnosis of cancer occurred in the oral cavity (53.3%) and larynx (33.3%); 28.3% (n = 1 7) presented with a diagnosis of depression; 8.6% (n = 5) are in treatment with psychology; and 10.3% (n = 6) are in treatment with psychotropic drugs. The analysis of the association of the PHQ-9 score with sex showed a mean score of 7.7 ± 6.2, with a higher level of depression in women. The mean hope score was 41.3 ± 3.1; however, during the pandemic, 35% (n = 21) reported feelings of anguish, anxiety and fear, with the latter being predominant and in association with the PHQ-9 score showing a mean of 8.2 ± 6.2 (p = 0.123). The association of hope with the number of children was statistically significant (p = 0.034) and in the education variable with the PHQ-9 score (p = 0.019). Conclusion: The use of tools that assess both levels of hope and depression in patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiotherapy provides health professionals with support for the implementation of targeted actions to cope with the disease.
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OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to know the witnessing of death from the perspective of the cancer patient in the hospital environment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a qualitative and descriptive study, which was carried out in a cancer hospital in southern Brazil, with 27 cancer patients, through semi-structured interview, after the institutional research ethics committee approval. For categorisation and data analysis, Iramuteq software and Creswell content analysis were used. RESULTS: Six classes emerged from the Iramuteq software and four categories were formed: (1) The reflection of the other itself; (2) feelings and emotions aroused; (3) the witnessing of a peaceful death and (4) death as a habitual event. CONCLUSION: Patients felt sad and distressed, and some perceived death as something natural, often necessary for the relief of suffering. They put themselves in the place of the dying patient and their family members, imagining their loved ones and the suffering they would experience. Participants considered peaceful deaths to be good, unlike those in which patients had some kind of discomfort, described as horrible, distressing, sad and bad.
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O estudo objetivou identificar os cuidados do enfermeiro no Dia Zero do Transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas e identificar as reaçõesadversas apresentadas pelos pacientes neste dia. Realizou-se pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa na Unidade de Internação de umServiço de Transplante de Medula Óssea de um hospital universitário da região sul do Brasil. No total, 11 enfermeiros fizeram parte da pesquisa.A coleta de dados ocorreu entre julho e setembro de 2016, em dez dias de transplantes, e totalizou 72 horas de observação passiva. Os dadosforam registrados em instrumento previamente elaborado e analisados em categorias preestabelecidas. Foram observados transplantes alogênicosaparentados e não aparentados, os quais utilizaram como fonte de células-tronco hematopoéticas medula óssea, sangue periférico e sangue decordão umbilical e placentário. As modalidades de infusão observadas foram criopreservada-descongelada e fresca, e para esta, classificou-se acompatibilidade do sistema ABO em compatível, incompatível ABO maior e incompatível ABO menor. Observou-se reações adversas em oitodos dez transplantes, sendo a mais prevalente hipertensão arterial sistêmica. Os cuidados do enfermeiro foram agrupados em antes, durante eapós a infusão de células-tronco hematopoéticas, entre eles: administração de medicações prescritas pelo médico pré-infusão de células-troncohematopoéticas (antes); aferição de sinais vitais (durante), monitoramento de aspecto e volume de diurese e balanço hídrico (após). Concluiu-seque os cuidados prestados ao paciente no Dia Zero do Transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas pelo enfermeiro visam prevenir, detectar eintervir precocemente em reações adversas relacionadas ao procedimento de infusão das células-tronco hematopoéticas.
The aim of the study was to identify the care provided by nurses on the Day Zero of Transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells and identify the adverse reactions presented by patients on this day. A descriptive study of qualitative approach was conducted at the inpatient unit of a bone marrow transplant service of a university hospital in the southern region of Brazil. Eleven nurses participated in the study. The data collection period was between July and September of 2016 during a total of ten days of transplantations and 72 hours of passive observation. Data were recorded in a previously prepared instrument and analyzed in pre-established categories. Related and unrelated allogeneic transplantations were observed, in which the hematopoietic stem cells used were bone marrow, peripheral blood, and umbilical and placental cord blood. The infusion modalities observed were cryopreserved and fresh. ABO compatibility in the fresh modality consisted in the categories ABO-compatible, major ABO-incompatible and minor ABO-incompatible. Adverse reactions were observed in eight out of the ten transplantations, and the most prevalent was systemic arterial hypertension. Nursing care consisted in actions implemented before, during and after the infusion of hematopoietic stem cells, among them: administration of medications prescribed by the physician previously to infusion of hematopoietic stem cells (before); monitoring of vital signs (during), monitoring of appearance and volume of diuresis and water balance (after). The conclusion was that care provided to patients by nurses on Day Zero of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation aims at early prevention, detection and intervention in adverse reactions related to the hematopoietic stem cell infusion procedure.
Subject(s)
Humans , Nursing Care , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation , Bone Marrow TransplantationABSTRACT
This study aimed to identify what undergraduate students know of factors for breast cancer prevention. This was a quantitative, exploratory and descriptive study, developed in a University in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil with 50 students enrolled in nursing, physiotherapy and psychology programs in the first semester of 2008. The data were collected from February to April 2008. A semi-structured questionnaire and descriptive statistics were used. Results showed that students of nursing and physiotherapy demonstrated greater knowledge about the issue than the psychology students. Mentioned prevention factors: consumption of vegetables, greens and fruits, physical exercises and breastfeeding. Conclusions indicate that the level of students' knowledge about factors that can prevent breast cancer, in an interdisciplinary perspective, is important to rethink the inclusion of health education as an essential curriculum content to promote a healthy university.
