Limiting factors of face shield use for health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-COV2, a highly transmissible and pathogenic viral infection, and was identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Three months later, it became a severe pandemic. OBJECTIVE: To identify scientific evidence on the use of face shields by health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic period. METHOD: An integrative literature review of articles obtained from PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Web of Science databases was undertaken. For the search, controlled, non-controlled descriptors and specific keywords: "face shield," "fluid resistance procedure," "respiratory infections," "healthcare workers," "COVID-19," "aerosols," and "personal protection infection" were used. RESULTS: The sample comprised seven studies. The available evidence has shown that face shields do not have a defined standard for their production-their effectiveness depends on the quality of the visor, structure, and fixation system. They must be used as adjuvants to other personal protective equipment (PPE), and their isolated use is not recommended due to the fragilities of peripheral face sealing, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic period. CONCLUSION: Due to the shortage of this equipment, domestic face shields can be indicated if they meet production requirements, based on scientific evidence for their efficient use.

[Preventive practices in the elderly and vulnerability to HIV]. / Práticas preventivas de idosos e a vulnerabilidade ao HIV.

OBJECTIVE: To know the vulnerability of the elderly to the HIV infection in the context of preventive practices. METHOD: Exploratory qualitative study, lead from December 2012 to May 2013, with 37 nursing Coexistence Groups in João Pessoa--Paraiba. The Focus Group was elected as the research technique, and the empirical material obtained was subjected to a Content Analysis Technique, thematic modality. RESULTS: The elderly recognize the importance of preventive practices, but they face difficulties in its use when their emotional relationships with their partners do not favor preventive behavior, resulting in vulnerability. The elderly showed the population groups most vulnerable to HIV and do not recognize themselves as such. CONCLUSION: The complexity of the various contexts experienced by the elderlies of this study indicate the need for more research that allows advances in the understanding of subjectivity imposed in relations that underlie the aging process and the experience of sexuality in this age group.

[Young people's conception of HIV/AIDS and the use of condoms in sexual intercourse]. / Concepção de Jovens o HIV/AIDS e o USO de preservation nas relaçôes sexuais.

The aim of this study was to gather knowledge regarding the conception of young people as for HIV/AIDS and the use of condoms in sexual intercourse. Survey conducted in May, 2012, at a public school in the city of João Pessoa, Paraíba, with eleven young people of both sexes. The chosen technique of investigation was a semi-structured interview. Empirical data were organized according to categorical content analysis, the following categories emerging: "AIDS: what young people think", "AIDS prevention methods" and one subcategory "Trust in the partner as a method for HIV/AIDS prevention". As observed, there is knowledge of condom use as a preventive method against HIV/AIDS; trust in the partner and faithfulness were also cited as preventive methods in both sexes. It is suggested that, when investing in national and regional proposals, not only social inequalities are to be considered but especially the local realities of different young people in different national scenarios.

[Matrix support work: difficulties in the scope of basic healthcare]. / Trabalho do apoiador matricial: dificuldades no âmbito da atenção básica em saúde.

Qualitative research under the analysis of contents, thematic modality, aimed to identify the difficulties lived by the matricial supporter in its practice in the Primary Health Care. The scenery of the study were six units of family health located in one of the five Sanitary Districts of João Pessoa-PB. The data collection was performed from August to September 2010, through semi directed interviews, in which ten professionals who worked as matricial supporters participated. According to the speeches the difficulties faced relate to the ignorance of some professionals of the health team toward the function of the matricial supporter in the Basic Health Attention; lack of autonomy and administrative overload. In this sense, it is suggested that a process of reflection about the work of the matricial supporter with the health team aiming to acknowledge which contribution of this professional in the reorganization of the work of the team of basic attention.

[Care management for tuberculosis: from education to the nurse practice]. / Gestão do cuidado à tuberculose: da formação à prática do enfermeiro.

The study aimed to analyze the relation between the training of the nurse and the actions directed to the management of the care to the tuberculosis. With qualitative nature, it was performed in one of the cities of the metropolitan region of João Pessoa-PB. The subjects were ten nurses of the Health Family Strategy. The data collection was performed in February 2010 using a semi structured interview script. To examine the empiric material it was used the technique of content analyzes. In the testimonies of the nurses there was predominance of the thematic TB in the hospital space; they approach either the superficiality and the distance of the care to TB related to the relation between the theory and the practice, and the absence of direct care to the patient of TB during training; according to them, the organization of the services points to a mechanicist and task based practice. One concluded that there is necessity of training institutions to come close to the health services, in a dialogic relation, to organize better the learning spaces.

[Sexual orientation in the school environment: fact or eagerness?]. / Orientaçãao sexual nas escolas: fato ou anseio?

This qualitative research aims to analyze how sexual orientation has been incorporated into pedagogic practices through the point of view of educators from public schools of fundamental teaching. Twenty three educators from Cajazeiras, Paralba, Brazil participated in the study. The focus group was elected as technique of investigation, and the empirical data obtained were organized according to the technique of analysis of content. It was realized that there is an effort of the actors to privilege contents related to sexual orientation in the school environment though they demand that a level of informative and subjective character about the "sexuality" be encouraged providing the educators with a space for re-significations of its internality of values. The information directed to self-care must transcend the limits of prevention and hygienisation, incorporating extensive, inclusive and reflective methodologies, which recognize human and social rights and promote the ethical construction of citizenship.

[The information system and tuberculosis control on prioritary cities of Paraiba - Brazil]. / O sistema de informação e o controle da tuberculose nos municípios prioritários da Paraíba - Brasil.

This article had the purpose to understand the perception of the coordinators of the Tuberculosis Control Program regarding the use of the Notification Aggravation Information System - Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) as an instrument of the DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment) Strategy. This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews, with eight coordinators of the Tuberculosis Control Program in six cities of the state of Paraiba. The results showed that the cities use the SINAN to evaluate actions to control tuberculosis, pointing to difficulties such as failure to fill out the tuberculosis notification sheets, precarious computer infrastructure, insufficient qualification of human resources, lack of integration between professionals from different sectors and deficiencies in the information flow between healthcare units and cities. Considering that the quality of the information can jeopardize the monitoring of the results of treatments for patients, and consequently the efficiency of the DOTS strategy, it is concluded that the political commitment of the administration is fundamental to overcome the identified weaknesses.