ABSTRACT
The transition towards a more sustainable and decarbonised energy system is mandatory for achieving global climate objectives, and counting on proper tools to evaluate sustainability is essential. Among sustainability assessment methodologies, hybrid approaches integrating Input-Output analysis (IOA) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) are often proposed to overcome limitations and take advantage of strengths of both methodologies. In this paper we propose a new hybrid tiered approach, named Identification and Subtraction Method (ISM). Through a case study of Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technology, we test the proposed method assessing seven environmental indicators and compare the results obtained by different methodological approaches: Environmental Extended Multiregional Input-Output (EMRIO), LCA and two hybrid approaches. Results showed that, in general, LCA and EMRIO provide the lowest and uppest impact values, respectively. The ISM method expands the LCA boundaries by including indirect impacts, avoiding double-counting and retaining the technological detail and representativeness of the LCA. The main advantage is the ability to establish with high accuracy the impact coming from the LCA system boundaries. Furthermore, ISM is easy to undertake for LCA practitioners, is a low time-consuming hybrid approach once the LCA and EMRIO models are run, and it does not require the alteration of the IO matrix as other hybrid methods. However, the need to perform the EMRIO and LCA analysis could imply high detailed data needs. An additional limitation of the model is that it is not be able to include partial contributions from EMRIO sectors. The highest differences between results obtained by the different methods are found in the assessment of local impacts and the resources depletion, while the methods tend to agree more on global and regional impacts quantification. However, there are limitations to the implementation of the impact characterization methods that should be borne in mind when comparing the results of the different methods.
ABSTRACT
The most frequent presentation of esophageal cancer is adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. In recent years, the latter has decreased its incidence increasing the adenocarcinoma. Currently, another type of tumor with a much lower incidence has been described, which has a neuroendocrine component along with another exocrine glandular component and has been classified since 2010 as mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC). We present the case of a 68-year-old male with a history of dyspepsia and epigastric pain who after performing a gastroscopy, was diagnosed with a malignant neoplasm of the esophagus. The patient underwent a total esophagectomy with reconstruction by tubular gastroplasty with cervical anastomosis. The final result of the piece after immunohistochemistry revealed that the tumor was composed of one component of adenocarcinoma in 60% together with another component compatible with neuroendocrine in 40%. With these findings and according to the World Health Organization classification of 2010 was diagnosed as esophageal MANEC. MANECs are rare tumors, described in other locations of the digestive tract, the esophagus being an infrequent location. Its preoperative diagnosis is difficult, and it is not until the final analysis of the complete piece by means of specific immunohistochemical techniques when its diagnosis can be established. Its treatment is fundamentally surgical, whereas the adjuvant therapeutic schemes with chemotherapy are not well defined at present because of their low incidence.
ABSTRACT
Los leiomiosarcomas localizados en las partes blandas superficiales son neoplasias muy raras o infrecuentes, tanto en las formas primarias como en el caso de las formas secundarias o metastásicas. Presentamos el caso de un leiomiosarcoma cutáneo primario en una mujer de 42 años de edad y realizamos una revisión de sus características clínicas y diagnóstico, así como de las diferencias pronóstico-evolutivas según las distintas localizaciones de esta afección. Por último, debe señalarse que el tratamiento es fundamentalmente quirúrgico, con escisión con márgenes de seguridad, ya que no existe una respuesta satisfactoria o significativa al tratamiento radio y/o quimioterápico, siendo imprescindible y obligado efectuar un seguimiento periódico de los enfermos debido a la tasa de recurrencia local y la posibilidad de metastatizar según la localización histológica del tumor (AU)
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Leiomyosarcoma/surgery , Leiomyosarcoma/complications , Leiomyosarcoma/diagnosis , Leiomyosarcoma/etiology , Leiomyosarcoma/drug therapy , Leiomyosarcoma/secondary , Neoplasm Metastasis/physiopathology , Neoplasm Metastasis , Sarcoma, Clear Cell/complications , Sarcoma, Clear Cell/diagnosis , Sarcoma, Clear Cell/etiology , Sarcoma, Clear Cell/drug therapy , Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis , Skin Neoplasms/complications , Skin Neoplasms/etiology , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Actins , Radiotherapy , Neoplasms, Second Primary/diagnosis , Neoplasms, Second Primary/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
Acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis was induced in rats by injecting 5% sodium taurocholate into the common biliopancreatic duct. The condition was associated with an increase in the serum amylase levels as well as progressive pancreatic necrosis resulting in 100% mortality before 36 hours. This experimental model was documented by quantifying nine different parameters of pancreatic necrosis and giving more information about the induced lesion. The extent of pancreatic necrosis was evaluated at different intervals, 5.77% at 12 hours, 14.9% at 24 hours, and the rats died before 36 hours of pancreatitis induction with an average percentual necrosis of 29.9%. This model seems suitable for more pathogenic as well as therapeutic studies on acute pancreatitis in the rat.
Subject(s)
Disease Models, Animal , Pancreatitis/chemically induced , Taurocholic Acid/administration & dosage , Acute Disease , Animals , Injections/methods , Male , Necrosis , Pancreas/pathology , Pancreatic Ducts , Pancreatitis/pathology , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The effects of somatostatin (SS) on the treatment of acute pancreatitis were studied in rats. Acute pancreatitis was established by injecting 5% sodium taurocholate in the biliopancreatic duct. Previously, pancreatic necrosis was determined in this experimental model at several intervals without treatment. Treatment was started according different groups: at 12, 16 and 20 hours after induction of acute pancreatitis (IV bolus of 4 ug/kg body weight followed by a 24h continuous infusion of 4 ug/kg body wt/hour). When somatostatin was initiated at 12 or 16h a decrease in serum amylase and lactodehydrogenase was observed, as well as in pancreatic necrosis resulting in 0% mortality after 24h of treatment. When somatostatin was started at 20h there was no changes in the lethal outcome of the disease.
Subject(s)
Pancreatitis/drug therapy , Somatostatin/therapeutic use , Acute Disease , Animals , Disease Models, Animal , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Male , Necrosis , Pancreas/pathology , Pancreatitis/chemically induced , Pancreatitis/mortality , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Taurocholic Acid , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia (Bochdalek's hernia) is an infrequent finding in adult patients. Most of them are asymptomatic. Symptomatic cases present with digestive symptoms. Sometimes the clinical picture is related to the associated congenital malformations and not to the hernia itself. It is more common on the left side and in most of the cases it lacks of hernia sac. Simple radiologic study is the clue for the diagnosis. A case of Bochdalek's hernia in a 85 year-old patient is presented.
