Profiles of Trauma in Primary and Permanent Teeth of Children and Adolescents.

This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the dental trauma profile in primary and permanent teeth from patients between 0 and 15 years old who attended the Faculty of Dentistry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Data regarding gender, age, trauma classification, tooth type, and affected tissues were obtained from dental records. The data were analyzed descriptively and by the χ2 test (p < 0.05). Data associated with 333 traumatized teeth (70% primary and 30% permanent teeth) were included. The mean ages of children with affected primary and permanent teeth were 3.35 ± 2.02 and 9.09 ± 2.43 years, respectively. Males presented more permanent teeth with trauma (64.4%) than primary ones (55.6%; p = 0.085). The upper central incisors, both primary (68.9%) and permanent (69.4%), were the teeth most commonly affected. Primary teeth showed a higher frequency (p < 0.001) of supportive tissue trauma (73.3%) and lower frequency (p = 0.001) of hard tissue trauma (40.7%) than those in permanent ones (51.5% and 60.6%, respectively). The most frequent trauma in the supportive tissue was subluxation (27.2%) and permanent lateral luxation (42.0%). In the hard tissues, permanent teeth presented a higher prevalence of trauma than primary ones (p = 0.001), however this difference was not statistical significant when each type of fracture injury was evaluated individually (p > 0.005). With affected primary teeth, there was a greater frequency of trauma in the gingival mucosa (31.0%; p = 0.022); in the permanent ones, traumatic lesions in the chin region were the most prevalent (20.8%; p = 0.009). Trauma was recurrent in 26.3% of primary teeth and in 20.2% permanent teeth. Therefore, primary and permanent teeth showed distinct trauma profiles, suggesting that distinct preventive and therapeutic approaches are needed for these two groups.

Risk factors for traumatic dental injuries in the Brazilian population: A critical review.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Strategies for the prevention of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) should consider the risk factors involved for each population studied. The aim of this study was to perform a critical review regarding the risk factors for TDI in the Brazilian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed in the MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs, and BBO databases using MeSH terms, synonyms, and keywords, with no language or date restrictions. In the first step, all relevant studies identified, regardless of the type of statistical analysis performed, were grouped according to their geographic location. In a second step, the studies using Andreasen's criteria to classify the injuries and multivariate analysis to identify the risk factors for TDI in Brazilian subjects were included for data extraction. RESULTS: The search strategy initially identified 3373 articles. However, only 108 articles assessed TDI with predisposing factors and were included in the first step. From those, 28 were deemed eligible for inclusion in the second step. No consensus related to the relationship between gender and TDI in the primary dentition was achieved. Nonetheless, males were found to be more prone to trauma in the permanent dentition. Overjet, inadequate lip sealing and anterior open bite increased the risk for TDI, both in primary and permanent dentitions. Social environment was related to trauma only in primary dentition. For permanent dentition, dental caries, obesity, binge drinking, and drug use were identified as considerable risk factors for TDI. CONCLUSION: The risk factors for TDI in the Brazilian population are similar to those found worldwide. However, some differences can be observed, such as gender and socioeconomic indicators as predisposing factors.

Ability of Three Endodontic Sealers to Fill the Root Canal System in Association with Gutta-Percha.

INTRODUCTION: The present study compared the ability of the endodontic sealers AH Plus, Pulp Canal Sealer and EndoREZ to fill the root canal system in association with gutta-percha. METHODS: Ninety mandibular premolars were accessed, prepared and divided into three groups of 30 teeth each, according to the sealer used to fill the canals: AH Plus, Pulp Canal Sealer and EndoREZ. All the teeth were filled using the continuous wave of condensation technique. The specimens were then decalcified, dehydrated, rendered transparent, and analyzed by three independent evaluators with 8x magnification. Chi-squared test (χ(2), p < 0.05) was used to compare the groups in relation to the totally filled, the partially filled and the non filled ramifications. The same test was used to compare the directions of filled ramifications and the number of ramifications among the three thirds of the roots. RESULTS: EndoREZ filled a significantly higher number of ramifications than AH Plus and Pulp Canal Sealer (χ(2), p < 0.05). All the groups showed higher number of totally filled ramifications than partially filled and unfilled ramifications. The ramifications were more frequently detected in the apical third, followed by medium and coronal thirds, respectively (χ(2), p < 0.05). The ramifications were more frequently detected towards lingual direction (χ(2), p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: EndoREZ presented higher ability to fill the root canal system in association with gutta-percha when compared to AH Plus and Pulp Canal Sealer. The ramifications were more frequently detected in the apical third, running in a lingual direction.

Traumatic dental injury in permanent teeth of young patients attended at the federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Risk factors for dental trauma, such as gender and age, have not been studied in much detail in the past. So, this study was to determine the frequency of Traumatic dental injuries (TDI) and the association of gender and age with the different types of injuries in permanent teeth of patients treated at the Dental Trauma Surveillance Center, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data from records of 1022 patients were evaluated, and patients with TDI in permanent teeth were included and descriptively analyzed. The Chi-squared test and logistic regression were also used (P ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: A total of 352 (34.4%) records from patients (mean age 9.29 ± 1.97) with 676 affected permanent teeth were included in the final sample. Children (55.7%) have a higher frequency of TDI than adolescents (42.9%). Falls (54.3%) was the most common cause, and the street (37.5%) was the most frequent place of occurrence. Enamel and dentin fracture without pulp exposure (69.2%) was the most common TDI for both genders (P = 0.16). Avulsion (29.2%) was the most frequent injury to supportive tissues for both genders; however, this was more numerous in girls (P < 0.001). Intrusive luxation was more common in boys (P = 0.01). According to logistic regression, intrusive luxation affects girls less (OR = 0.394; IC = 0.178-0.875) than boys, while girls have more chance of suffering from avulsion (OR = 1.912; IC = 1.197-3.055) and avulsion was less frequent in children (OR = 0.588; IC = 0.373-0.928). CONCLUSIONS: Enamel and dentin fractures without pulp exposure and avulsion were the most common TDI. Gender (female) and age (adolescent) were considered risk factors for the occurrence of avulsion. However, male gender was a risk factor for the occurrence of intrusive luxation. So public health policies and educational programs aimed at prevention need to be developed, and the differences among groups should be respected.

Postoperative pain and associated factors in adolescent patients undergoing two-visit root canal therapy.

This prospective study investigated the frequency and intensity of postoperative pain and identified associated factors in adolescents undergoing two-visit root canal therapy. Sixty-four patients aged 11 to 18 years old presenting with molars with pulp necrosis were assigned consecutively to two visits (plus an interappointment dressing using calcium-hydroxide paste). Pain intensity was recorded on a visual analogue scale (VAS) of 0-5. Data were analysed using multivariate logistic regression. The frequency of postoperative pain was 32.8% (21/64), with intensities of VAS 1 and VAS 2 in 81%, VAS 3 in 14.3% and VAS 4 in 4.7% of the 21 cases in which it was experienced. Spontaneous preoperative pain (odds ratio (OR) = 6.60; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.61-26.97; P = 0.009) and absence of apical perodontitis (OR = 5.65; 95% CI = 1.34-23.87; P = 0.01) were associated with postoperative pain. The frequency of postoperative pain was high, but the intensity, in general, was low, including flare-ups. The presence of spontaneous preoperative pain and absence of apical periodontitis increase the probability of suffering from postoperative pain.

Oral chemical burns caused by self-medication in a child: case report.

There are few published reports that discuss oral burns in children. Electrical, chemical, and thermal agents are the main causative agents of these burns. Some chemicals can cause burning in the mucosa of cheeks, lips, tongue, and palate. Because of the clinical state of acute pain associated with lack of or inadequate care to relieve the symptoms, some patients use self-medication. The purpose of this work is to report the case of oral chemical burns caused by topical self-medication for tooth pain relief, and also to discuss the clinical presentation and the treatment performed.

Assessing the proposed association between tooth agenesis and taurodontism in 975 paediatric subjects.

BACKGROUND: An association between tooth agenesis and taurodontism has been suggested. The identification of subpopulations with specific associated dental anomalies (subphenotype) would allow testing of the specific hypothesis that certain genetic factors contribute to the specific subphenotype. AIM: This work aims to assess a large cohort to verify if the association between tooth agenesis and taurodontism is present. DESIGN: Panoramic radiographs of 1002 patients were examined and 975 were used in this study. The presence of tooth agenesis and taurodontism was assessed in the study population. RESULTS: The frequency of tooth agenesis was 4.6% and the frequency of taurodontism was 1.6%. There were, however, no observations of concomitant tooth agenesis and taurodontism. CONCLUSIONS: Our data do not support the hypothesis that isolated tooth agenesis is associated with isolated taurodontism.