Gestational weight gain and adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes among women with gestational diabetes mellitus according to International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) criteria: A cross sectional study.

AIMS: To evaluate the association of gestational weight gain and adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes among Brazilian women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted in women with GDM, and their newborns, who attended a public maternity hospital. The Institute of Medicine criteria were adopted to assess adequacy of gestational weight gain (GWG). Cesarean delivery, maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), premature birth, macrosomia, and birth weight adequacy for gestational age were analyzed as outcomes. Simple and multiple logistic regression models were tested to assess the effect of adequacy of GWG on maternal and newborn outcomes. RESULTS: Among the 545 women studied, 64.2% (n = 344) had inadequate weight gain: 27.2% (n = 146) insufficient and 37% (n = 198) excessive. Women with insufficient GWG were more likely to have a preterm birth (OR 2.57; 95% CI: 1.06-6.19), while those with excessive GWG had a greater chance of HDP (OR 2.62; 95% CI: 1.54-4.45) and large for gestational age newborn (OR 1.88; 95% CI: 1.08-3.29), compared with those with adequate weight gain. CONCLUSIONS: Inadequate gestational weight gain was frequent in women with GDM, especially in pregnant women with overweight and obesity, and is associated with unfavorable outcomes.

Predictive factors of non-HDL cholesterol in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitius: A cross-sectional study.

AIMS: To assess predictors of non-HDL cholesterol in children and adolescents with T1DM. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 120 children and adolescents aged 7-16 with T1DM, but without any other chronic morbidities, at a referral outpatient clinic for the treatment of diabetes in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Socio-demographic, anthropometric, dietary, and clinical factors were assessed, which included measurements of serum lipids and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Food intake was assessed by 24-h dietary recall. Multiple linear regression was adopted in the analysis. RESULTS: The mean age of of the subjects was 11.74 ±â€¯2.88 years, 53.3% were female, and the mean duration of T1DM was 6.68 ±â€¯3.33 years. The mean energy intake from carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids was 51.98% (±9.20), 21.43% (±6.13), and 26.57% (±9.98), respectively. The energy intake from processed and ultra-processed foods represented 40.79% of total energy intake. The predictors of non-HDL cholesterol were: HbA1c (%) (p = 0.000, ß = 8.5, CI: 4.8-12.1), duration of T1DM (p = 0.000, ß = 2.8, CI: 1.3-4.3), and sex (p = 0.032, ß = 10.1, CI: 0.9-19.4). CONCLUSION: Glycemic control was the major modifiable predictor of non-HDL cholesterol concentrations, a significant indicator of cardiovascular risk.