ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION/AIMS: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) type 8 (ALS8) is caused by VAPB gene mutations. The differences between neuropsychological and behavioral profiles of patients with sporadic ALS (sALS) and those with ALS8 are unclear. We aimed to compare cognitive performance and behavioral aspects between sALS and ALS8 patients. METHODS: Our study included 29 symptomatic ALS8 patients (17 men; median age 49 years), 20 sALS patients (12 men; median age 55 years), and 30 healthy controls (16 men; median age 50 years), matched for sex, age, and education. Participants underwent neuropsychological assessments focused on executive functions, visual memory, and facial emotion recognition. Behavioral and psychiatric symptoms were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Cambridge Behavioral Inventory. RESULTS: Clinical groups (sALS and ALS8) exhibited lower global cognitive efficiency and impaired cognitive flexibility, processing speed, and inhibitory control compared with controls. ALS8 and sALS showed similar performance in most executive tests, except for poorer verbal (lexical) fluency in those with sALS. Apathy, anxiety, and stereotypical behaviors were frequent in both clinical groups. DISCUSSION: sALS and ALS8 patients demonstrated similar deficits in most cognitive domains and had comparable behavioral profiles. These findings should be considered in the care of patients.
Subject(s)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis , Apathy , Male , Humans , Middle Aged , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/diagnosis , Executive Function , Cognition , Neuropsychological TestsABSTRACT
Patients with migraine often report cognitive complaints, especially regarding attention and memory. OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic review of the studies available on cognitive evaluation in patients with migraine. METHODS: We evaluated all articles containing the key words: "Migraine", "Cognition" and "Cognitive Impairment." RESULTS: The search strategy resulted in 23 articles. Fifteen out of the 23 studies (65.3%) retrieved reported abnormalities on neuropsychological tests in migraine patients, notably tests of memory, attention and information processing speed. Most of the studies showing cognitive changes in migraine were carried out in neurological care facilities. Conversely, among community-based studies, migraine patients were less likely to present cognitive changes. CONCLUSION: Patients with migraine, especially those followed at neurology clinics, show an elevated risk of mild changes in several cognitive domains. Further studies with greater methodological refinement are warranted in order to clearly establish whether this cognitive dysfunction is associated with an underlying migraine pathophysiological process.
Pacientes com migrânea frequentemente se queixam de problemas cognitivos, sobretudo relacionados à memória e à atenção. OBJETIVO: Realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre os estudos com avaliação cognitiva em pacientes com migrânea. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados todos os artigos que incluíram as palavras-chave "Migraine", "Cognition" and "Cognitive Impairment". RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados 23 artigos que estudaram desempenho cognitivo em pacientes com migrânea. Dentre estes, quinze (65,3%) relataram alterações em testes neuropsicológicos em pacientes com migrânea, notadamente em testes de memória, atenção e velocidade de processamento. A maioria dos trabalhos que mostraram alterações cognitivas na migrânea foi realizada em serviços neurológicos. Por outro lado, nos estudos de base populacional, essas alterações eram menos comuns. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes com migrânea, especialmente os acompanhados em serviços neurológicos, apresentam risco aumentado de comprometimento leve em diferentes domínios cognitivos. Estudos com maior refinamento metodológico são necessários para definir claramente se essas alterações cognitivas estão associadas a processo fisiopatológico subjacente à migrânea.
