Novel biotechnological approaches in environmental remediation research.

Two novel approaches, the use of Agrobacterium-transformed plant roots and mycelia cultures of fungi, are considered as research tools in the study of the remediation of soil, groundwater, and biowastes. Transformed roots are excellent model systems for screening higher plants that are tolerant of various inorganic and organic pollutants, and for determining the role of the root matrix in the uptake and further metabolism of contaminants. Edible and/or medicinal fungi may also be natural environmental remediators. Liquid cultures of fungal mycelia are appropriate model systems with which to commence screening and biochemical studies in this under-researched area of biotransformation.