Glutathione effect on functional and histological recovery after spinal cord injury in rats.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the GSH effect on functional and histological recovery after experimental spinal cord injury in rats. METHODS: Forty Wistar rats were subjected to spinal cord injury through the Multicenter Animal Spinal Cord Injury Study (MASCIS) Impactor system. The rats were sorted and divided into four groups, as follows: Group 1 ‒ Laminectomy and spinal cord injury; Group 2 ‒ Laminectomy, spinal cord injury and Saline Solution (SS) 0.9%; Group 3 ‒ Laminectomy, spinal cord injury, and GSH; and Group 4 ‒ lLaminectomy without spinal cord injury. GSH and SS were administered intraperitoneally. Groups 1 and 4 received no intervention. RESULTS: The rats were evaluated for locomotor function recovery at seven different times by the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale on days 2, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 after the spinal cord injury. On day 42, the rats were sacrificed to analyze the histological findings of the injured spinal cord. In the group submitted to GSH, our experimental study revealed better functional scores on the BBB scale, horizontal ladder scale, and cranial and caudal axon count. The differences found were statistically significant in BBB scores and axonal count analysis. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that using glutathione in experimental spinal trauma can lead to better functional recovery and improved axonal regeneration rate in Wistar rats submitted to experimental spinal cord injury.

Extraforaminal Full-Endoscopic Approach for the Treatment of Lateral Compressive Diseases of the Lumbar Spine.

BACKGROUND: The authors conducted a 2-year retrospective follow-up to investigate the efficiency of an extraforaminal full-endoscopic approach with foraminoplasty used to treat lateral compressive diseases of the lumbar spine in 247 patients. METHODS: The visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), and MacNab scale were used to analyze the results collected during the preoperative and postoperative periods. RESULTS: The most common diagnosis was disk herniation with lateral recess stenosis, and the most common surgical level among patients was between L4 and L5 on the left side. Pain decreased over time, as determined during sessions held to evaluate pain in the lumbar, gluteal, led, and foot regions. The ODI demonstrated significant enhancement over the evaluation period and the MacNab scale classified the surgery as good or excellent. The most common complication was dysesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: An extraforaminal full-endoscopic approach with foraminoplasty can be recommended in cases of lateral herniation or stenosis for patients with symptoms of radiculopathy, and for those who have not responded to conventional rehabilitation treatment or chronic pain management. Few complications arose as a result of this approach, and most of them were treated clinically.

Dural Injury Treatment with a Full-Endoscopic Transforaminal Approach: A Case Report and Description of Surgical Technique.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to describe a surgical technique that uses transforaminal full-endoscopic access, which is different from the existing protocol, and to demonstrate another method of dural tear repair during endoscopic spine surgery. Background: Endoscopic spine surgery was initially described for lumbar disc pathologies. Technical advances and new materials have made it possible to treat cervical and thoracic spinal degenerative disorders. These advances have also made it possible to treat surgical complications, notably dural tears with CSF fistulas. The literature indicates that the incidence of these injuries ranges from 1% to 17%. Materials and Methods: Descriptive technical note of innovative and improved endoscopic surgical procedure exemplified with illustrative clinical case and comparative literature review. Results: There is only one report describing a full-endoscopic suture technique for dural sac repair. The gold standard for treatment of the most significant nonpunctate lesions continues to be a conversion to open surgery for lesion closure. Conversion can be problematic because most surgeries are performed under sedation and local anesthesia. Conclusions: In this case report and the new endoscopic suture technique described here, we show that primary correction of dural tears through endoscopy is possible. In addition to representing a paradigm break in solving one of the main complications of these procedures, it can expand the possibilities of spine endoscopy.

SPINE METASTASIS OF INTRACRANIAL HEMANGIOPERICYTOMA: CASE REPORT OF TWO TREATMENTS.

OBJECTIVE: To report the use of two techniques (radiosurgery and en bloc vertebrectomy) on the same patient for the treatment of two metastases in different sites of the spine arising from intracranial hemangiopericytoma. Intracranial hemangiopericytomas are rare, comprising approximately 2.4% of meningeal tumors and <1% of all tumors of the central nervous system. Metastases to the spine are even rarer: The largest case series reported in the literature has 5 and 7 cases. METHODS: A 37-year-old man diagnosed with intracranial hemangiopericytoma was referred for a metastatic lesion in T12 and underwent en bloc resection using the Tomita technique. RESULTS: The disease evolved with a metastasis to T2 treated by radiosurgery with 1600 cGy. The patient died 1,706 days after the en bloc resection of T12 and 1324 days after the radiosurgery of T2, and no recurrence occurred in these locations due to progression of the systemic diseases (liver and central nervous system). CONCLUSION: This is the first case reported in the literature in which two different techniques were used to treat metastatic lesions in the spine from an intracranial hemangiopericytoma and is unique for its use of two treatments in the same patient. Level of evidence: V, case report.

OBJETIVO: Reportar o uso de duas técnicas (radiocirurgia e vertebrectomia em bloco) no mesmo paciente, para o tratamento de metástases de um hemangiopericitoma intracraniano em dois locais da coluna. Hemangiopericitomas intracranianos são raros, consistindo em cerca de 2,4% dos tumores da meninge e menos de 1% de todos os tumores do sistema nervoso central, e metástases para a coluna são ainda mais raras: as maiores séries de casos publicada tinham 5 e 7 casos. MÉTODOS: Um homem de 37 anos com diagnóstico de hemangiopericitoma intracraniano foi encaminhado para resecção em bloco de lesão metastática em T12 com a técnica de Tomita. RESULTADOS: A doença evoluiu com metástase em T2, tratada com radiocirurgia (dose de 1600 cGy). O paciente morreu 1.706 dias após a resecção em bloco de T12 e 1.324 dias após a radiocirurgia de T2, livre de recorrência nessas localizações, devido a progressão sistêmica da doença (para fígado e sistema nervoso central). CONCLUSÃO: Este é o primeiro caso na literatura no qual duas técnicas diferentes foram usadas pra tratar lesões metastáticas da coluna de hemangiopericitoma intracraniano, único pelo uso de duas técnicas de tratamento no mesmo paciente. Nível de evidência V, relato de caso.

ROTATION ASSESSMENT IN ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS WITH ROD DEROTATION.

OBJECTIVE: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is characterized by rotational and lateral deformity of the spine. The measurement of vertebral rotation is important for prognosis and treatment. Our objective was to evaluate whether the Nash-Moe method can be used to measure axial deformity correction with surgical treatment using the rod derotation maneuver at both the apex and extremities of the deformity in patients with AIS. METHODS: Rotation was assessed using the Nash and Moe criteria, on preoperative and postoperative radiographs. We also evaluated the severity on the coronal plane using the Cobb method, ratio of correction achieved, screw density, and number of vertebrae involved in the instrumentation. RESULTS: The Cobb method correction average was 54.8%. When we disregarded vertebrae that presented preoperative Nash-Moe grade 0, the average measurable correction was 54.5% in the first non-instrumented vertebra above, 69.2% in the first instrumented vertebra, 32.2% in the apical vertebra, 36.8% in the last instrumented vertebra, and 30% in the first non-instrumented vertebra below. In our study, 32.14% of the patients presented a measurable correction in the apical vertebra. CONCLUSION: On the axial plane, correction can be satisfactorily evaluated using the Nash-Moe method. Level of Evidence VI. Case Series.

OBJETIVO: A escoliose idiopática do adolescente é caracterizada por deformidade rotacional e lateral da coluna vertebral. A medição da rotação vertebral é importante para o prognóstico e tratamento. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar se o método de Nash-Moe pode ser usado para medir a correção da deformidade axial com o tratamento cirúrgico usando a manobra de derotação em ambos os ápices e extremidades da deformidade em pacientes com EIA. MÉTODOS: A rotação foi avaliada usando os critérios de Nash e Moe em radiografias pré e pós-operatórias. Também avaliamos a severidade no plano coronal pelo método de Cobb, a razão de correção alcançada, a densidade do parafuso e o número de vértebras envolvidas na instrumentação. RESULTADOS: A correção do método de Cobb foi de 54,8%. Quando desconsideramos vértebras que apresentavam grau 0 no pré-operatório de Nash-Moe, encontramos, em média, 54,5% de correção mensurável na primeira vértebra não instrumentada acima, 69,2% na primeira vértebra instrumentada, 32,2% na vértebra apical, 36,8% na última vértebra instrumentada e 30% na primeira vértebra não instrumentada abaixo. Em nosso estudo, ٣٢,١٤٪ dos pacientes apresentaram uma correção mensurável na vértebra apical. CONCLUSÃO: No plano axial, a correção pode ser avaliada satisfatoriamente pelo método de Nash-Moe. Nível de Evidência VI. Série de casos.