ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The aim of the present work was to assess comparatively the pharmacokinetic profile of ceftazidime (CAZ) in trained and non-trained mice. METHODS: The study was performed on 256 mice divided at random into four groups: long-term physically trained mice with (E1a) and without (E1b) physical activity prior to the administration of CAZ, and untrained mice with (E2a) and without (E2b) physical activity prior to the administration of the antibiotic. CAZ was administered intramuscularly (25 mg/kg) to all mice, and blood samples were obtained at different time points. The plasma concentrations of CAZ were determined by HPLC and analyzed by non-compartmental models. RESULTS: The area under the curves in groups E1a and E2a (27.3 and 22.9 microg x ml(-1) x h, respectively) were different compared to the other groups [(E1b) = 11.1 and (E2b) = 15.6 microg x ml(-1) x h; p < 0.05]. Differences were observed between the concentration-time of CAZ in E1a compared to E1b, E1a versus E2a, E1a versus E2b, E1b versus E2a and E1b versus E2b (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Physical activity performed prior to CAZ administration modified the pharmacokinetic profile of the drug administered to mice.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacokinetics , Ceftazidime/pharmacokinetics , Physical Conditioning, Animal , Animals , Injections, Intramuscular , Male , Mice , Motor ActivitySubject(s)
Hepatocytes/metabolism , Liver Circulation , Liver Transplantation/physiology , Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control , alpha-Tocopherol/pharmacology , Animals , Graft Survival/drug effects , Hepatectomy/methods , Hepatocytes/pathology , Liver/pathology , Liver Transplantation/pathology , Male , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Reperfusion Injury/pathology , Tissue and Organ Harvesting/methodsABSTRACT
In this work we investigate the antioxidant properties of an aqueous extract prepared from an infusion of Ilex paraguariensis (Aquifoliaceae) using free radical-generating systems. The extract inhibited the enzymatic and nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes in a concentration-dependent fashion, with IC(50) values of 18 microg/ml and 28 microg/ml, respectively. The extract also inhibited the H(2)O(2)-induced peroxidation of red blood cell membranes with an IC(50) of 100 microg/ml and exhibited radical scavenging properties toward superoxide anion (IC(50) = 15 microg/ml) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical. In the range of concentrations used, the extract was not a scavenger of the hydroxyl radical. Our results suggest that ingestion of extracts of Ilex paraguariensis could contribute to increase the antioxidant defense of an organism against free radicals attack.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plants/chemistry , Animals , Free Radical Scavengers/pharmacology , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Male , Membrane Lipids/metabolism , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Adult male rats were treated orally with sodium arsenate (10 mg As/kd/day) for 2 days, and in increase in hepatic glutathione level was seen. Ascorbic acid content increased in both liver and plasma of intoxicated animals. Hepatic activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase did not change with the treatment and there was no increase in the level of lipid peroxidation measured as thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS). Arsenic decreased the plasma level of uric acid and increased the plasma triglycerides content without modifying vitamin E levels. Both total lipoproteins and very low density lipoprotein plus low density lipoprotein (VLDL + LDL) fractions demonstrated greater propensity for in vitro oxidation than the corresponding untreated rats. The last finding might be a useful parameter for determining the degree of oxidative stress in the initial steps of intoxication with arsenic.
