Prognostic indicators of short-term survival of ineffective airway clearance in children with acute respiratory infection: a longitudinal study.

Background: Studies that establish the indicators of clinical status deterioration of Ineffective airway clearance remain scarce. Prognostic studies provide data for nurses identify clinical indicators that suggest a higher chance of early development of a nursing diagnosis. Objective: To identify the prognostic indicators of short-term survival of ineffective airway clearance (IAC) in children with acute respiratory infection (ARI). Design: A prospective open cohort study. Methods: This study was with a group of 136 children with acute respiratory infection who were followed for a minimum of six and a maximum of ten consecutive days. Children who had not completed six days of monitoring or who were carriers of diseases that would alter the specific symptoms of respiratory infection were excluded. The survival rate of ineffective airway clearance was calculated using Nelson-Aalen's method. A Cox regression model was used to analyze the influence of clinical indicators on survival time of this diagnosis. Results: The diagnosis survival rate was extremely low (only 0.4% on the 5th day of follow-up). The greatest reduction in survival rate was observed in the first 48 h (survival rate = 2.5%). Four defining characteristics associated with a worse prognosis of IAC among children with ARI: ineffective cough (RR = 5.86; 95% CI: 3.53-9.72), absence of cough (RR = 2.92; 95% CI: 1.68-5.08), adventitious breath sounds (RR = 2.47; 95% CI: 2.01-3.03), and diminished breath sounds (RR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.05-1.45). Conclusion: Four clinical indicators showed a strong relationship with an increased risk of worsening clinical status associated with this nursing diagnosis. Impact statement: Clinical deterioration related to ineffective airway clearance among children with acute respiratory infection is fast and requires particular attention from nurses.

Análisis del concepto de Sentimiento de impotencia en individuos con accidente cerebrovascular / Análise do conceito de Sentimento de impotência em indivíduos com acidente vascular encefálico / Analysis of the concept of powerlessness in individuals with stroke

Objective: To identify and analyze the concept of the powerlessness in individuals with stroke, according to the NANDA-I Taxonomy. Methods. Concept analysis from online access of four databases using the descriptors: impotence; helplessness, learned; Stroke, depression in languages: Portuguese, English and Spanish. Results. The critical attributes of the feeling of powerlessness are: fragility, helplessness, lack of control, and power to achieve the proposed results for recovery and adaptation. Eleven new antecedents were found. It is recommended to reformulate three antecedents present in the taxonomy. Fourteen consequent were found. It is suggested to amend three consequential from the review. Conclusion. With the analysis, a more complete concept of the powerlessness was elaborated allowing clarifying the critical attributes that, in turn, will help the rehabilitating nurse to recognize the signs and symptoms and to strengthen mechanisms of tolerance and resistance to stress.(AU)

Objetivo. Analizar el concepto de sentimiento de impotencia en individuos con accidente cerebrovascular, según la Taxonomía de NANDA-I. Métodos. Análisis de concepto a partir del acceso on-line a cuatro bases de datos utilizando los descriptores: impotencia; desamparo aprendido; accidente vascular cerebral, depresión en los idiomas portugués, inglés y español. Resultados. Los atributos críticos del sentimiento de impotencia son: fragilidad, desamparo, falta de control y el no poder alcanzar los resultados propuestos para la recuperación y adaptación. Se encontraron once nuevos antecedentes. Se recomienda reformular tres antecedentes presentes en la taxonomía. Se evidenciaron 14 consecuencias y se sugiere alterar tres a partir de la revisión. Conclusión. Con este análisis se elaboró un concepto más completo del sentimento de impotencia, permitiendo clarificar los atributos críticos que, a su vez, ayudará al enfermero rehabilitador a reconocer las señales y síntomas, como también a fortalecer los mecanismos de tolerancia y enfrentamiento al estrés. (AU)

Objetivo. Identificar e analisar o conceito do sentimento de impotência em indivíduos com acidente vascular encefálico, segundo a Taxonomia da NANDA-I. Métodos. Análise de conceito a partir de acesso on-line a quatro bases de dados utilizando os descritores: impotência; desamparo aprendido; acidente vascular cerebral, depressão nas línguas português, inglês e espanhol. Resultados. Os atributos críticos do sentimento de impotência são: fragilidade, desamparo, falta de controle e poder para alcançar os resultados propostos para recuperação e adaptação. Encontrou-se onze novos antecedentes. Recomenda-se reformular três antecedentes presentes na taxonomia. Evidenciou-se quatorze consequentes; sugere-se alterar três consequentes a partir da revisão. Conclusão. Com a análise elaborou-se um conceito mais completo do sentimento de impotência permitindo clarificar os atributos críticos que, por sua vez, auxiliará ao enfermeiro reabilitador reconhecer os sinais e sintomas e fortalecer mecanismos de tolerância e enfrentamento ao estresse. (AU)

Prognostic clinical indicators of short-term survival for ineffective breathing pattern in children with acute respiratory infection.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To identify prognostic clinical indicators of short-term survival for ineffective breathing pattern in children with acute respiratory infection. BACKGROUND: Despite the studies of survival for nursing diagnosis, there is not enough evidence about the clinical indicators that are associated with a worse prognosis for ineffective breathing pattern. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-six children were followed up for a minimum of six and a maximum of 10 consecutive days. The survival rate for ineffective breathing pattern was calculated using Nelson-Aalen's method. An extended Cox model was adjusted to identify the main prognostic clinical indicators for this nursing diagnosis. RESULTS: Over half of the sample had an ineffective breathing pattern at the first evaluation. The occurrence of new cases was observed until the ninth day of monitoring, and the survival rate after this day was low. According to the Cox model, the main clinical indicators of a poor prognosis were an abnormal breathing pattern, the use of accessory muscles, dyspnoea and increase in the anterior-posterior chest diameter. CONCLUSIONS: Children with acute respiratory infection who present with an abnormal breathing pattern, the use of accessory muscles to breathe, dyspnoea and increased anterior-posterior diameter have a poor prognosis for an ineffective breathing pattern. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Survival analyses of nursing diagnoses allow the identification of clinical indicators that can be used in clinical practice as prognostic markers. The identification of indicators associated with a poor clinical prognosis allows nurses to intervene early and to maximise the possibility of a good outcome.