Subject(s)
Congenital Abnormalities/virology , Fetus/abnormalities , Milk, Human/virology , Nervous System Diseases/virology , Zika Virus/isolation & purification , Adult , Body Fluids/virology , Brazil , Congenital Abnormalities/diagnostic imaging , Female , Fetus/diagnostic imaging , Fetus/virology , Genotype , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Mothers , Nervous System Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Phylogeny , Pregnancy , RNA, Viral/analysis , RNA, Viral/urine , Ultrasonography , Zika Virus/geneticsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Poorly reversible airflow obstruction may or may not be related to smoking. OBJECTIVES: To describe patients with severe obstructive lung disease including etiology, imaging, functional aspects, systemic manifestations, and the pattern of bronchodilator response. METHODS: Sixty-eight patients (age 55.9±13.7 years, FEV(1) [forced expiratory volume in one second] 31.9±10.2% predicted) underwent spirometry, evaluation of body mass composition, 6-minute walk test, X-ray, thorax high-resolution CT scanning, and clinical evaluation. RESULTS: Of 68 patients enrolled, 37 had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 31, extensive bronchiectasis. Among COPD patients the CT scans showed emphysema in 78.4%, and bronchiectasis in 48.6%. There were no significant differences between smokers and non-smokers, except for vital capacity, significantly smaller in non-smokers (p<0.001). We found 29 and 20 volume responders (VR) according to Paré et al. (FEV(1)/FVC>1=flow responder or <1=VR) and ATS/ERS criteria, respectively. According to Paré et al. criteria, there were 18 patients with FEV(1)<30% predicted among 29 VR, and 12 with FEV(1)<30% predicted among 39 without volume response (p=0.0101). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with severe obstruction, smoking does not appear to be relevant in determining functional or systemic differences, and Paré et al. criteria can detect more VR. Bronchiectasis is a common finding in severe COPD.
Subject(s)
Bronchiectasis/complications , Bronchiectasis/diagnosis , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis , Smoking , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to describe the high-resolution CT scan findings in five patients with AIDS and pulmonary infection due to Rhodococcus equi. The study included five patients with AIDS and proven R. equi infection. The CT scans were reviewed by two observers. The patients included four men and one woman ranging from 39 years to 49 years in age (mean 42 years). The findings included areas of consolidation (n=5) with single (n=1) or multiple cavitation (n=4), ground-glass opacities (n=5), centrilobular nodules (n=3), small centrilobular nodular opacities (n=3) and "tree in bud" opacities (n=3). None of the patients had pleural effusion or lymph node enlargement. The most common high-resolution CT manifestations of R. equi infection consist of areas of consolidation with cavitation, ground-glass opacities, nodules and a tree-in-bud pattern.