Stomatological disorders in older people: An epidemiological study in the Brazil southern.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this retrospective, cross-sectional and observational study was to perform a survey of the stomatological conditions of elderly patients seen in a period of 40 years at a Stomatology Service in Southern Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 24,347 medical records were reviewed, of which 5,063 belonged to elderly patients aged 60 to 97 years. The stomatological conditions, systemic conditions, and smoking and alcohol drinking habits as well were recorded. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 69.29 years, 67.1% were female and 32.9% were male. Variations of normality accounted for 44.5% of the cases. The most prevalent disorders were fungal infections (26.1%), reactive inflammatory lesions (24.6%), burning mouth syndrome (14.9%), benign neoplasms (12.4%), autoimmune disorders (12.3%), premalignant lesions (10.2%) and malignant epithelial neoplasms (7.2%). Regarding biopsied lesions, squamous cell carcinoma was the most prevalent at 30.2%, followed by hyperplasic lesions (28.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of these physiological and pathological conditions in the oral cavity of the older people is essential for early diagnosis and preventive and therapeutic measures when necessary.

Polymethylmethacrylate dermal fillers: evaluation of the systemic toxicity in rats.

This study evaluated local and systemic reactions after an intravascular injection of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) at two concentrations in a murine model. Thirty rats were divided equally into three groups: 2% PMMA, 30% PMMA, and a control group (normal saline only injection). The filler was injected into the ranine vein. The rats were sedated at 7 and 90 days and a clinical evaluation performed. After euthanasia, the right lung, liver, and right kidney were removed, weighed, and microscopically analyzed. The submandibular lymph nodes and tongue were removed and examined microscopically. Serum was subjected to liver and kidney function tests. No groups showed clinical alterations. Microspheres were not observed at any distant organ. Two samples from the 2% PMMA group showed a local inflammatory response at day 7 and another two samples from the 30% PMMA group at day 90. The group injected with 30% PMMA presented higher levels of alanine aminotransferase (P = 0.047) after 90 days when compared with the other groups. The data obtained in this study demonstrate that intravascular injections of PMMA fillers show potential health risks such as chronic inflammation at the implantation site.

Clinical and pathological characteristics of polymethylmethacrylate and hyaluronic acid in the rat tongue.

Adverse effects on the oral mucosa after the use of dermal fillers have been increasingly reported due to their increased use for facial aesthetics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and histologic effects of two types of product, 10% polymethylmethacrylate and 20mg/ml hyaluronic acid, locally and at long distance, examining initial and late reactions. Each substance was randomly and separately injected in rats' tongues (polymethylmethacrylate, n = 16; hyaluronic acid, n = 18). They were compared with the control group (n = 16) at 3 observation times (7, 60 and 90 days) for clinical analysis, intensity of local inflammatory response (haematoxylin and eosin staining), amount of newly formed blood vessels and macrophages (immunohistochemical assays), density of collagen fibres (picrosirius staining) and systemic migration of the product to the liver and kidney (haematoxylin and eosin staining). The results showed inflammation triggered by the injection of the material, suggesting that both substances cause responses in local tissue, although there was biocompatibility with hyaluronic acid. This research highlights the importance of experimental studies on this subject, since adverse reactions have been observed routinely in dental practice.

Pyogenic granuloma, peripheral giant cell granuloma and peripheral ossifying fibroma: retrospective analysis of 138 cases.

AIM: The present study examined retrospectively the clinical and radiographic characteristics of pyogenic granuloma (PG), peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) and peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF), located in the gingiva and alveolar ridge. METHODS: Biopsy records of the Stomatology Service of São Lucas Hospital-PUCRS were reviewed between 1980 and 2006. The medical charts of patients with histopathologic diagnosis of PG, PGCG and POF were selected. The data obtained were evaluated by means of descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the chi-squared test (chi-squared), considering the 5% level of significance. RESULTS: Of the 138 cases analyzed, 57.2% corresponded to PG, 22.5% to PGCG and 20.3% to POF. PG and POF exhibited a predilection for females and PGCG for males. PG occurred in younger individuals and showed a greater tendency for bleeding (P=0.018). PG showed a greater frequency of reddish color (P<0.001), PGCG purplish (P<0.001) and POF pinkish (P<0.001). In the radiographic examination, the presence of radiopaque foci was greater in POF (P<0.001), and resorption of the subjacent alveolar bone was found more often in PGCG (P<0.001). POF exhibited a longer evolution. There was no difference in lesions with respect to local irritating factors, ulceration, size, site and recurrence. Pregnancy was a factor linked to PG. CONCLUSION: Despite the lesions investigated exhibit similar clinical characteristics, the present study demonstrated that aspects such as age of the patient and evolution, color, bleeding and radiographic characteristics can help in the differential diagnosis of these lesions.