ABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivo Investigar as barreiras percebidas e as estratégias de enfrentamento para a efetivação da prática de caminhada identificadas entre portadores do diabetes mellitus (DM) no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Metodologia Uma amostra de 83 portadores do DM, usuários do SUS, foi inquirida a refletir sobre os obstáculos que os impediam de praticar a caminhada, e formular planos de enfretamento para superar tais obstáculos. Foram categorizados os obstáculos levantados e os planos desenvolvidos quanto à similaridade e submetidos à análise de frequência. Resultados O principal obstáculo relatado foi o sentimento de "desânimo" (36,1%). O plano de enfrentamento mais frequente para superar as barreiras encontradas foi o 'apoio social de familiares', 'vizinhos' e 'amigos'. Conclusão Os resultados possibilitaram conhecer as dificuldades e as potencialidades dos sujeitos relativas ao autocuidado para o DM no que se refere à prática da caminhada, conhecimento que pode auxiliar as equipes multidisciplinares do SUS.
ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the perceived barriers and coping strategies for the practice of walking identified among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in the scope of the Unified Health System (SUS). Methodology A sample of 83 individuals with DM, SUS users, was asked to reflect on the obstacles that prevented them from walking, as well as to formulate coping plans to overcome them. The obstacles raised and plans developed were categorized for similarity and subjected to frequency analysis. Results The main obstacle reported was the feeling of "dismay" (36.1%). The most frequent coping plan to overcome the barriers found was 'social support from family members', 'neighbors' and 'friends'. Conclusion The results made it possible to know the difficulties and potential of the subjects related to self-care for DM regarding the practice of walking, knowledge that can help the multidisciplinary teams of the SUS.
RESUMEN Objetivo Investigar las barreras percibidas y las estrategias de afrontamiento para la práctica de la marcha identificadas en pacientes con diabetes mellitus (DM) en el ámbito del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS). Metodología Se solicitó les solicitó a 83 personas con DM, usuarias del SUS, que reflexionaran sobre los obstáculos que les impedían caminar, así como que formularan planes de afrontamiento para superarlos. Los obstáculos planteados y los planes desarrollados se clasificaron por similitud y se sometieron a análisis de frecuencia. Resultados El principal obstáculo reportado fue el sentimiento de "consternación" (36,1%). El plan de afrontamiento más frecuente para superar las barreras encontradas fue el "apoyo social de familiares", "vecinos" y "amigos". Conclusión Los resultados permitieron conocer las dificultades y potencialidades de los sujetos relacionados con el autocuidado de la DM con respecto a la práctica de la marcha, conocimiento que puede ayudar a los equipos multidisciplinarios del SUS.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Excessive salt intake has been directly associated with cardiovascular diseases, especially hypertension, and non-cardiovascular diseases. Despite the current recommendations, salt intake remains high, indicating the need to develop theory-based interventions aimed at reducing this intake. AIM: The purpose of this study was to test the impact of a theory-based intervention - the SALdável Program - to promote the use of less than 4 g of salt/day during cooking. METHODS: This was a two-arm parallel-group randomized study. A total of 92 hypertensive women were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. The intervention was aimed at motivating participants to reduce salt addition by increasing self-efficacy and counteracting the negative influence of habit. Primary outcomes were the behavioral question of salt addition and total salt addition, secondary outcomes were overall salt intake, provided by 24-hour urinary sodium excretion, and psychosocial variables (intention, self-efficacy, and habit). RESULTS: At three-month follow-up, the intervention group improved significantly more than the control group regarding salt addition measures (p-values between 0.05 and 0.001) and psychosocial variables (all p-values ⩽0.001). The reduction in 24-hour urinary sodium excretion was not significant. CONCLUSION: The findings showed that this theory-based intervention was effective to motivate and change the behavior of hypertensive women regarding daily salt use in cooking meals. This was accomplished by means of improvements in intention and self-efficacy and reduction of the habit of using more than 4 g of salt/day during cooking.
Subject(s)
Diet, Sodium-Restricted/psychology , Health Promotion/methods , Hypertension/therapy , Motivation , Patient Education as Topic , Risk Reduction Behavior , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Middle Aged , Pilot Projects , Self Efficacy , Sodium Chloride, DietaryABSTRACT
This experimental study was aimed at assessing the potential effect of a theory-driven intervention-implementation intentions-on reducing salt intake among hypertensive Brazilian women. Ninety-eight participants were randomly assigned to participate in an implementation intentions intervention aimed at promoting lower salt intake through decreased addition of salt and salty spices to meals (intervention group, n = 49; group, n = 49). Endpoints were assessed at baseline and at the 2-month follow-up. Primary endpoints were a self-reporting measure of salt intake given by salt addition to meals (discretionary salt + salty spices = total added salt) and the 24 h urinary-sodium excretion. Secondary endpoints included intention, self-efficacy, and habit related to adding salt to meals. Patients in the intervention group showed a significant reduction in salt intake as assessed by 24 h urinary-sodium excretion. A significant reduction in the measure of habit was observed for both groups. No differences were observed for intention and self-efficacy. The results of this pilot study suggest the efficacy of planning strategies to help hypertensive women reduce their salt intake.
