Homogeneous Catalytic CO2 Hydrogenation by [Fe]-Hydrogenase Bioinspired Complexes: A Computational Study.

Computational modeling at the DLPNO-CCSD(T)/CBS//M06-L/def2-TZVP level of theory was used to propose four different iron catalysts whose structures were inspired on the [Fe]-hydrogenase active site: [Fe(MePNNHNP)(acmp)] (C(1), MePNNHNP = 2,6-bis(dimethylphosphine), acmp = acylmethylpyridine), [Fe(CNNHNC)(acmp)] (C(2), CNNHNC = 2,6-bis(methylimidazol-2-ylidene)), [Fe(MePNNNP)(acmp)] (D(1), MePNNNP = 2,6-bis((dimethylphosphine)pyridine)), and [Fe(CNNNC)(acmp)] (D(2), CNNNC = 2,6-bis((methylimidazol-2-ylidene) pyridine)). Through these electronic structure calculations, the catalytic mechanism of the reaction was explored. The intermediates and transition states present along the reaction coordinate were identified and described as to their equilibrium geometries, vibrational frequencies, and energies. Quasi-harmonic corrections were performed considering conditions analogous to those used experimentally. To compare the catalytic activities of the studied catalysts, turnover frequencies (TOFs) were calculated. Based on the explored catalytic cycles and TOF values (D(1) > C(1) > D(2) > C(2)), the most suitable iron catalysts are those with tridentate phosphine pincer-type ligands coordinated to the metal center. These systems are new promising iron catalysts to promote the CO2 hydrogenation to formic acid without any use of bases or additives.

DFT study of H2 adsorption at a Cu-SSZ-13 zeolite: a cluster approach.

In this work the H2 adsorption at a Cu(i)-SSZ-13 exchanged zeolite was theoretically investigated. A systematic cluster approach was used and different density functionals (B3LYP, B3LYP-D3(BJ), M06L, PBE, PBE-D3(BJ) and ωB97XD) and a def2-SVP basis set were benchmarked. In order to select the best approach to the H2 adsorption over a Cu(i)-SSZ-13 cluster with 78 atoms (16 T-sites), two main tasks were performed: (1) a comparison between theoretical and experimental structures and (2) a comparison between theoretical and experimental adsorption enthalpies. By employing the most suitable functional - the ωB97X-D - the H2 interaction with the zeolite structure was studied by means of NBO, NCI, AIM and DLPNO-CCSD(T)/LED analyses.

How To Arrive at Accurate Benchmark Values for Transition Metal Compounds: Computation or Experiment?

With the objective of analyzing which kind of reference data is appropriate for benchmarking quantum chemical approaches for transition metal compounds, we present the following, (a) a collection of 60 transition metal diatomic molecules for which experimentally derived dissociation energies, equilibrium distances, and harmonic vibrational frequencies are known and (b) a composite computational approach based on coupled-cluster theory with basis set extrapolation, inclusion of core-valence correlation, and corrections for relativistic and multireference effects. The latter correction was obtained from internally contracted multireference coupled-cluster (icMRCC) theory. This composite approach has been used to obtain the dissociation energies and spectroscopic constants for the 60 molecules in our data set. In accordance with previous studies on a subset of molecules, we find that multireference corrections are rather small in many cases and CCSD(T) can provide accurate reference values, if the complete basis set limit is explored. In addition, the multireference correction improves the results in cases where CCSD(T) is not a good approximation. For a few cases, however, strong deviations from experiment persist, which cannot be explained by the remaining error in the computational approach. We suggest that these experimentally derived values require careful revision. This also shows that reliable reference values for benchmarking approximate computational methods are not always easily accessible via experiment and accurate computations may provide an alternative way to access them. In order to assess how the choice of reference data affects benchmark studies, we tested 10 DFT functionals for the molecules in the present data set against experimental and calculated reference values. Despite the differences between these two sets of reference values, we found that the ranking of the relative performance of the DFT functionals is nearly independent of the chosen reference.

Theoretical study on selectivity trends in (N-heterocyclic carbene)-Pd catalyzed mizoroki-heck reactions: Exploring density functionals methods and molecular models.

The regioselectivity of the NHC-Pd catalyzed Heck coupling reaction between phenyl bromide and styrene has been investigated using the density functional theory, wave-function (WF)-based methods and two different sizes of model ligands. In addition to the WF methods, the TPSS-D3, ω B97X-D, BP86-D3, and M06-L density functionals were reliable approaches to be applied, independently of the basis set. Moreover, the NCI analysis showed that weak interactions are important forces to be taken into account when exploring the regioselectivity of this reaction, mainly when a crowded NHC ligand is present. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Computationally Designed 1,2,4-Triazolylidene-Derived N-Heterocyclic Olefins for CO2 Capture, Activation, and Storage.

In this article, triazolylidene-derived N-heterocyclic olefins (trNHOs) are designed using computational quantum tools, and their potential to promote CO2 sequestration is tested and discussed in detail. The low barrier heights related to the trNHO-mediated process indicate that the tailored compounds are very promising for fast CO2 sequestration. The systematic analysis of the presence of distinct substitutes at different N positions of the trNHO ring allows us to rationalize their effect on the carboxylation process and reveal the best N-substituted trNHO systems for CO2 sequestration and improved trNHO carboxylates for faster CO2 capture/release.

A theoretical study of SnF2+, SnCl2+, and SnO2+ and their experimental search.

We present a detailed theoretical study of the stability of the gas-phase diatomic dications SnF(2+), SnCl(2+), and SnO(2+) using ab initio computer calculations. The ground states of SnF(2+), SnCl(2+), and SnO(2+) are thermodynamically stable, respectively, with dissociation energies of 0.45, 0.30, and 0.42 eV. Whereas SnF(2+) dissociates into Sn(2+) + F, the long range behaviour of the potential energy curves of SnCl(2+) and SnO(2+) is repulsive and wide barrier heights due to avoided crossing act as a kind of effective dissociation energy. Their equilibrium internuclear distances are 4.855, 5.201, and 4.852 a(0), respectively. The double ionisation energies (T(e)) to form SnF(2+), SnCl(2+), and SnO(2+) from their respective neutral parents are 25.87, 23.71, and 25.97 eV. We combine our theoretical work with the experimental results of a search for these doubly positively charged diatomic molecules in the gas phase. SnO(2+) and SnF(2+) have been observed for prolonged oxygen ((16)O(-)) ion beam sputtering of a tin metal foil and of tin (II) fluoride (SnF(2)) powder, respectively, for ion flight times of about 10(-5) s through a magnetic-sector mass spectrometer. In addition, SnCl(2+) has been detected for (16)O(-) ion surface bombardment of stannous (tin (II)) chloride (SnCl(2)) powder. To our knowledge, SnF(2+) is a novel gas-phase molecule, whereas SnCl(2+) had been detected previously by electron-impact ionization mass spectrometry, and SnO(2+) had been observed before by spark source mass spectrometry as well as by atom probe mass spectrometry. We are not aware of any previous theoretical studies of these molecular systems.