ABSTRACT
In this essay, we focus on the moral justification of a highly controversial measure to redress medical brain drain: the duty to stay. We argue that the moral justification for this duty lies primarily in the fact that medical students impose high risks on their fellow citizens while receiving their medical training, which in turn gives them a reciprocity-based reason to temporarily prioritize the medical needs of their fellow citizens.
Subject(s)
Emigrants and Immigrants , Foreign Medical Graduates/ethics , Internship and Residency/ethics , Morals , Health Workforce , Humans , Philosophy, MedicalABSTRACT
Hymenoplasty is a minor surgical procedure requested by women who, for cultural or religious reasons, need to remain a virgin until marriage. In this article I assess whether the public healthcare system of a liberal state should provide it as part of a policy of multicultural accommodation. I conclude that, in order to remain loyal to certain ethical ideals linked to the rule of law, liberal states should give access to hymenoplasty only to women for whom premarital virginity is a precondition for their flourishing within their community and who say they are victims of sexual assault.
Subject(s)
Arabs , Coitus , Gynecologic Surgical Procedures/ethics , Hymen/surgery , Islam , Personal Autonomy , Physicians/ethics , Plastic Surgery Procedures/ethics , Referral and Consultation/ethics , Sexism , Sexual Abstinence , Social Values , Female , HumansABSTRACT
Hymenoplasty is a surgical procedure requested by women who are expected to remain virgins until marriage. In this article, I assess the ethical and legal challenges raised by this request, both for the individual physician and for the health care system. I argue that performing hymenoplasty is not always an unethical practice and that, under certain conditions, it should be provided by the health care system.
Subject(s)
Cultural Characteristics , Deception , Gynecologic Surgical Procedures/ethics , Hymen/surgery , Islam , Marriage , Physicians/ethics , Sexual Abstinence , Cultural Diversity , Delivery of Health Care/ethics , Ethical Analysis , Ethical Theory , Ethics, Medical , Female , Gynecologic Surgical Procedures/trends , Humans , SexismABSTRACT
One of the most controversial aspects in uncontrolled (out-of-hospital) donation of organs after circulatory death (uDCD) is the initiation of preservation measures before death. I argue that in so-called opting-out systems only under very stringent conditions we might presume consent to the instauration of those measures. Given its current legal framework, I claim that this is not the case of Spain, a well-known country in which consent is presumed-albeit only formally-and where uDCD is currently practiced.
Subject(s)
Death , Organ Preservation , Presumed Consent , Tissue and Organ Procurement , Humans , Organ Preservation/methods , Presumed Consent/legislation & jurisprudence , Spain , Tissue and Organ Procurement/legislation & jurisprudence , Tissue and Organ Procurement/methodsABSTRACT
In this paper we defend that elective ventilation (EV), even if conceived as the instrument to maximise the chances of organ recovery, is mainly the means to provide the patient who is dying with a dignified death in several ways, one of them being the possibility of becoming an organ donor. Because EV does not harm the patient and permits the medical team a better assessment of the patient's clinical trajectory and a better management of the dying process by the family, EV does not violate the principle of non-beneficence nor the principle of autonomy if we restrict the initiation of EV to those cases in which it is not known what the previous wishes of the patient were as regards to his or her care at the end of life.
