Photobiomodulation in promoting increased Skin Flap Viability: a systematic review of animal studies.

Necrosis is common in skin flap surgeries. Photobiomodulation, a noninvasive and effective technique, holds the potential to enhance microcirculation and neovascularization. As such, it has emerged as a viable approach for mitigating the occurrence of skin flap necrosis. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the scientific literature considering the use of photobiomodulation to increase skin-flap viability. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA), was used to conducted systematic literature search in the databases PubMed, SCOPUS, Elsevier and, Scielo on June 2023. Included studies investigated skin-flap necrosis employing PBMT irradiation as a treatment and, at least one quantitative measure of skin-flap necrosis in any animal model. Twenty-five studies were selected from 54 original articles that addressed PBMT with low-level laser (LLL) or light-emitting diode (LED) in agreement with the qualifying requirements. Laser parameters varied markedly across studies. In the selected studies, the low-level laser in the visible red spectrum was the most frequently utilized PBMT, although the LED PBMT showed a similar improvement in skin-flap necrosis. Ninety percent of the studies assessing the outcomes of the effects of PBMT reported smaller areas of necrosis in skin flap. Studies have consistently demonstrated the ability of PBMT to improve skin flap viability in animal models. Evidence suggests that PBMT, through enhancing angiogenesis, vascular density, mast cells, and VEGF, is an effective therapy for decrease necrotic tissue in skin flap surgery.

Sexual Dimorphism in the Expression of Cardiac and Hippocampal Renin-Angiotensin and Kallikrein-Kinin Systems in Offspring from Mice Exposed to Alcohol during Gestation.

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) impairs fetal development. Alcohol consumption was shown to modulate the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). This study aimed to analyze the effects of PAE on the expression of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) peptide systems in the hippocampus and heart of mice of both sexes. C57Bl/6 mice were exposed to alcohol during pregnancy at a concentration of 10% (v/v). On postnatal day 45 (PN45), mouse hippocampi and left ventricles (LV) were collected and processed for messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of components of the RAS and KKS. In PAE animals, more pronounced expression of AT1 and ACE mRNAs in males and a restored AT2 mRNA expression in females were observed in both tissues. In LV, increased AT2, ACE2, and B2 mRNA expressions were also observed in PAE females. Furthermore, high levels of H2O2 were observed in males from the PAE group in both tissues. Taken together, our results suggest that modulation of the expression of these peptidergic systems in PAE females may make them less susceptible to the effects of alcohol.

Impact of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on the Development and Myocardium of Adult Mice: Morphometric Changes, Transcriptional Modulation of Genes Related to Cardiac Dysfunction, and Antioxidant Cardioprotection.

The impact of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) varies considerably between individuals, leading to morphological and genetic changes. However, minor changes usually go undetected in PAE children. We investigated PAE's effects on gene transcription of genes related to cardiac dysfunction signaling in mouse myocardium and morphological changes. C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to a 10% PAE protocol. In postnatal days 2 and 60 (PN2 and PN60), morphometric measurements in the offspring were performed. Ventricular samples of the heart were collected in PN60 from male offspring for quantification of mRNA expression of 47 genes of nine myocardial signal transduction pathways related to cardiovascular dysfunction. Animals from the PAE group presented low birth weight than the Control group, but the differences were abolished in adult mice. In contrast, the mice's size was similar in PN2; however, PAE mice were oversized at PN60 compared with the Control group. Cardiac and ventricular indexes were increased in PAE mice. PAE modulated the mRNA expression of 43 genes, especially increasing the expressions of genes essential for maladaptive tissue remodeling. PAE animals presented increased antioxidant enzyme activities in the myocardium. In summary, PAE animals presented morphometric changes, transcription of cardiac dysfunction-related genes, and increased antioxidant protection in the myocardium.

Educação permanente como estratégia para busca ativa dos sintomáticos respiratórios no território de uma unidade de saúde da família em Guarulhos - SP / Permanent education as a strategy for active search for respiratory symptoms in the territory of a family health unit in the city of Guarulhos - SP

OBJETIVO: analisar a efetividade da educação permanente na busca ativa dos sintomáticos respiratórios. MÉTODO: estudo descritivo e transversal com abordagem quantitativa realizada no ano de 2017. Os dados (total de interrogados e total de coletas de escarro) foram coletados dos registros laboratoriais e do livro de registro dos sintomáticos respiratórios por área da estratégia de saúde da família. Após a identificação da fragilidade, foi realizada a capacitação e reflexão crítica por meio de problematizações temáticas sobre tuberculose e busca ativa dos casos na população. RESULTADOS: mudanças consideráveis ocorreram nos indicadores da UBS, verificados com o aumento expressivo das coletas de escarro e do registro dos interrogados de sintomáticos respiratórios. CONCLUSÃO: com aumento de 241,8% no total de coletas na unidade, foi possível verificar a evolução na identificação dos sintomáticos, tratamento em tempo adequado dos portadores de tuberculose e promoção de saúde.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the effectiveness of continuing education in the active search for respiratory symptoms. METHOD: a descriptive and cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach carried out in 2017. The data (total of respondents and total sputum collections) were collected from laboratory records and the respiratory symptomatic registry book by area of the family health strategy. After identifying the fragility, training and critical reflection were carried out through thematic problematizations about tuberculosis and active search for cases in the population. RESULTS: considerable changes occurred in the indicators of the Basic Health Unit, verified with the expressive increase in sputum collections and in the registration of respondents of respiratory symptoms. CONCLUSION: with an increase of 241.8% in the total collections in the unit, it was possible to verify the evolution in the identification of symptomatic patients, timely treatment of tuberculosis patients and health promotion.