Translation, adaptation and validation of the Chrononutrition Profile - Questionnaire (CP-Q) in Brazilian Portuguese.

Chrononutrition is a science that studies the relationship between mealtimes and sleep/wake habits. However, these behaviors are not evaluated by a single questionnaire. Therefore, this study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the Chrononutrition Profile - Questionnaire (CP-Q) into Portuguese and validate the Brazilian version. The translation and cultural adaptation process consisted of: translation; synthesis of translations; backtranslation; expert committee and pre-test. The validation was performed with 635 participants (32.4 ± 11.2 years) who answered the CPQ-Brazil and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ); Night Eating questionnaire; Quality of life and health index (SF-36) and 24 h-recall. The participants were mostly female, single, from the northeastern region, a eutrophic profile, and average quality of life score of 55.8 ± 17.9. Moderate to strong correlations were observed in the sleep/wake schedules between CPQ-Brazil, PSQI and MCTQ, both for work/study days and free days. The correlations between largest meal, skipping breakfast, eating window, nocturnal latency, and last eating event with the same variables in the 24 h-recall showed moderate to strong positive correlations. The translation, adaptation, validation and reproducibility of the CP-Q generates a valid and reliable questionnaire to assess the sleep/wake and eating habits in the Brazilian population.

Effects of Social Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic on Anxiety and Eating Behavior-A Longitudinal Study.

As social animals, humans need to live in groups. This contact with conspecifics is essential for their evolution and survival. Among the recommendations to reduce transmission of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for COVID-19 are social distancing and home confinement. These measures may negatively affect the social life and, consequently, the emotional state and eating behavior of individuals. We assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the anxiety, premenstrual symptoms, and eating behavior of young women. Data collection was conducted in person (prepandemic-from March to December 2019) and online (during the pandemic-August 2020). A total of 71 participants, average age of 21.26 years (SD = 0.41), took part in the study. Trait anxiety during the pandemic was significantly lower than in the prepandemic period. Investigation of the "anxiety/stress" symptom of the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST) revealed that this symptom was more severe before the pandemic. There was a decline in the desire for sweet and fatty foods during the pandemic. However, craving for traditional foods rose significantly in the same period. Uncontrolled and emotional eating were significantly lower during the pandemic. The results suggest that the pandemic may have had a positive impact on anxiety and eating behavior of the participants, which may be due to differences between urban and rural populations and the latter living with their families. These findings are important for raising a discussion regarding the effects of the current environment on the regulation of cognitive and dietary adaptations.

The Brazilian version of the three-factor eating questionnaire-R21: psychometric evaluation and scoring pattern.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties and scoring pattern of the Brazilian version of the three-factor eating questionnaire-r21 (TFEQ-R21). METHODS: Data were collected from 410 undergraduate students. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to examine the factor structure of the TFEQ-R21. Convergent and discriminant validity also was assessed. Cluster analysis was performed to investigate scoring patterns. RESULTS: In assessing the quality setting, the model was considered satisfactory (χ 2/gl = 2.24, CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.05). The instrument was also considered appropriate in relation to the discriminant and convergent validity. There was a positive correlation between body mass index and the dimensions of cognitive restraint (r s  = 0.449, p < 0.001) and emotional eating (r s  = 0.112, p = 0.023). Using cluster analysis three respondent profiles were identified. The profile "A" was associated with appropriate weight, the "B" was characterized by high scores in cognitive restraint dimension, and the cluster "C" focused individuals who had higher scores on the uncontrolled eating and emotional eating dimensions. CONCLUSIONS: The Brazilian version of TFEQ-R21 has adequate psychometric properties, and the identified response profiles offer a promising prospect for its use in clinical practice, in weight loss interventions.

Effect of end-stage renal disease and diabetes on zinc and copper status.

The aim of this study was to compare the nutritional status of zinc and copper in patients with and without diabetes submitted to chronic hemodialysis. Thirty-three patients with type 2 diabetes (DM group), 30 nondiabetic patients (NDM group), and 20 healthy individuals (control group) were studied. Plasma, erythrocyte, and urinary zinc and plasma copper were obtained from atomic absorption spectrophotometry and ceruloplasmin by immunonephelometry. The anthropometric parameters were similar among the groups. Plasma zinc was lower and erythrocyte zinc was higher in the DM and NDM groups in relation to the control group. No difference in urinary zinc was observed comparing the groups. Plasma copper was higher in the DM group when compared to the NDM and control groups. Ceruloplasmin was similar in the three groups. Serum urea was a positive independent determinant of plasma zinc concentrations. The determinants of erythrocyte zinc were MAMC midarm muscle circumference and Kt/V dialysis adequacy. The determinants of plasma copper concentration were serum creatinine and serum glucose. The results of this study demonstrate an alteration in the distribution of zinc in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) independently of the presence of DM. Also, the status of copper seems not to be influenced by CKD, but only by the metabolic derangements associated with diabetes.