ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: There is evidence that chemosensory dysfunctions, including smell and taste disorders, are common findings in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the underlying biological mechanisms and the role of inflammatory markers are still poorly understood. AIM: To investigate the inflammatory biomarkers levels in patients with COVID-19 presenting chemosensory dysfunctions. METHODS: This review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. A systematic literature search was performed from January 1, 2020, to May 12, 2022. Observational studies that provided data on hematological, biochemical, infection-related indices and cellular immunity, and coagulation function in patients with COVID-19 experiencing smell and/or taste disorders were considered eligible. Effect sizes were reported as standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). A negative effect size indicated that the inflammatory biomarker levels were lower among patients with chemosensory dysfunctions. RESULTS: Eleven studies were included. Patients with chemosensory disturbances had lower levels of leukocytes (SMD - 0.18, 95% CI - 0.35 to - 0.01, p = 0.04), lactate dehydrogenase (SMD - 0.45, 95% CI - 0.82 to - 0.09, p = 0.01), IL-6 (SMD - 0.25, 95% CI - 0.44 to - 0.06, p < 0.01), and C-reactive protein (SMD - 0.33, 95% CI - 0.58 to - 0.08, p < 0.01) than patients without chemosensory disturbances. CONCLUSION: Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection who have olfactory and gustatory disorders have a lower inflammatory response than patients who do not have chemosensory alterations. The presence of these symptoms may indicate a more favorable clinical course for COVID-19.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Olfaction Disorders , Skin Diseases , Humans , SARS-CoV-2 , Olfaction Disorders/etiology , Olfaction Disorders/diagnosis , Taste Disorders/diagnosis , BiomarkersABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate oral and maxillofacial outcomes in children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) and the presence of nonnutritive sucking habits, functional habits, and features related to breastfeeding and nutrition of these children. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 45 children with CZS and 50 healthy controls in Sergipe state, Brazil, from February 2018 to June 2018. Demographic and clinical data, including breastfeeding and feeding data, were obtained for each child. Additionally, oral and maxillofacial evaluation was performed. RESULTS: Low weight (prevalence rate [PR] 8.33; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.02-34.45), nonexclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months (PR 1.56; 95% CI 1.18-2.08); mouth breathing (PR 3.46; 95% CI 1.83-6.52); difficulty in swallowing (PR 6.00; 95% CI 2.53-14.25); and excessive salivation (PR 4.81; 95% CI 2.18-10.62) were more frequent in children with CZS. Children with CZS were more likely to have abnormal insertion of the upper labial frenulum (PR 7.04; 95% CI 2.23-22.20); ogival palate (PR 3.70; 95% CI 1.63-8.40), dental enamel defects (PR 2.22; 95% CI 1.05-4.69); and delayed dental eruption (PR 8.89; 95% CI 1.16-68.32) compared with healthy children. CONCLUSIONS: Children with CZS had a higher frequency of problems related to breastfeeding, low weight, and oral and maxillofacial abnormalities compared with healthy children.
Subject(s)
Zika Virus Infection , Zika Virus , Brazil , Breast Feeding , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Nutritional StatusABSTRACT
As the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is transmitted mainly through droplets, sneezes and aerosols, there is a high risk of transmission during dental procedures. This report describes measures that can be adopted by oral healthcare personnel to minimize the risk of cross-contamination in clinical practice during the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
Dado que el SARS-CoV-2, causante de síndrome respiratorio agudo severo, se transmite principalmente por medio de gotitas, estornudos y aerosoles, existe un alto riesgo de transmisión durante los procedimientos dentales. En este informe se describen las medidas que puede adoptar el personal de salud bucodental para reducir al mínimo el riesgo de contaminación cruzada en la práctica clínica durante la actual pandemia por SARS-CoV-2.
Como o SARS-CoV-2, que causa síndrome respiratória aguda grave, é transmitido principalmente por gotículas, espirros e aerossóis, há um alto risco de transmissão durante os procedimentos odontológicos. Este relatório descreve os passos que podem ser tomados pelo pessoal de saúde oral para minimizar o risco de contaminação cruzada na prática clínica durante a actual pandemia do SARS-CoV-2.
ABSTRACT
[ABSTRACT]. As the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is transmitted mainly through droplets, sneezes and aerosols, there is a high risk of transmission during dental procedures. This report describes measures that can be adopted by oral healthcare personnel to minimize the risk of cross-contamination in clinical practice during the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
[RESUMEN]. Dado que el SARS-CoV-2, causante de síndrome respiratorio agudo severo, se transmite principalmente por medio de gotitas, estornudos y aerosoles, existe un alto riesgo de transmisión durante los procedimientos dentales. En este informe se describen las medidas que puede adoptar el personal de salud bucodental para reducir al mínimo el riesgo de contaminación cruzada en la práctica clínica durante la actual pandemia por SARS-CoV-2.
[RESUMO]. Como o SARS-CoV-2, que causa síndrome respiratória aguda grave, é transmitido principalmente por gotículas, espirros e aerossóis, há um alto risco de transmissão durante os procedimentos odontológicos. Este relatório descreve os passos que podem ser tomados pelo pessoal de saúde oral para minimizar o risco de contaminação cruzada na prática clínica durante a actual pandemia do SARS-CoV-2.
