Factors associated with upper limb dysfunction in breast cancer survivors.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze factors associated with upper limb dysfunction in women after breast cancer treatment. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study with 233 women over 18 years of age diagnosed with breast cancer and undergoing at least one cancer treatment (surgery and/or adjuvant treatment). Sociodemographic, anthropometric, and cancer treatment data were collected, as well as current physical and functional complications. Changes in breast tenderness and intercostobrachial nerve pathway, winged scapula, pain, cicatricial adherence, and lymphedema were evaluated by physical examination (inspection and palpation). Upper limb dysfunction was assessed using the DASH questionnaire. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to verify possible associations between upper limb dysfunction and other variables. RESULTS: The results showed that 55.4% of women had some level of upper limb dysfunction. Evaluating treatment conditions, lymphadenectomy, lymphedema, presence of pain, and intercostobrachial nerve injury were associated with some level of upper limb dysfunction in the crude analysis. The adjusted analysis showed that only upper limb dysfunction remained associated with intercostobrachial nerve injury, regardless of age and body mass index. CONCLUSION: Upper limb dysfunction is frequent after breast cancer treatment and may be associated with neuropathies due to changes in the intercostobrachial nerve pathway.

Nonsurgical technique for incomplete earlobe cleft repair.

BACKGROUND: Earlobe cleft is a common problem caused by the wearing of jewelry or decorative objects. Incomplete earlobe clefts are usually bilateral and are often converted to complete clefts as part of the surgical repair procedure. OBJECTIVE: We present a nonsurgical procedure for incomplete earlobe cleft repair using trichloroacetic acid 90%. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We assessed 32 patients with a total of 53 earlobes to be noninvasively repaired. RESULTS: Complete treatment varied from 2 to 50 days, an average of 15 days between the first and last application of trichloroacetic acid 90%. No recurrences were observed during 1 year of follow-up. All of the clefts were totally repaired, and all of the patients were satisfied with the aesthetic results. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the surgical limitations, the noninvasive procedure described here may be considered to be a good option for incomplete earlobe cleft repair because of its good functional and cosmetic results, low cost, minimum risk, and easy application.