SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil and Psychosocial Repercussions on Men's Health: Health Literacy Is Important.

This study aimed at analyzing the psychosocial repercussions of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic on the health of men living in Brazil. For this, we carried out a socio-historical and qualitative study, with the participation of 200 men who answered an online questionnaire. The data collected were processed in the NVIVO12® software, structured by the Collective Subject Discourse method, and analyzed from the epidemic disease theoretical framework proposed by Charles Rosenberg. Our results showed that the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic brought about repercussions of different dimensions that compromised the health of men living in Brazil. The repercussions evidenced were behavioral changes and emergence of new habits due to the pandemic; uncomfortable family situations; impaired affective and sexual relationships; harms in marital relationships; and insecurity and psychological distress. It is important to implement strategies that maximize men's health literacy, promoting better communication in terms of health, and search for help and suitable information about health/mental health.

Influence of Sociodemographic and Emotional Factors on the Relationship between Self-Compassion and Perceived Stress among Men Residing in Brazil during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The analysis of sociodemographic and emotional factors is essential to understanding how men perceive stress and practice self-compassion. In health crises, this problem becomes an emergency for public health. This study aimed to analyze the influence of sociodemographic and emotional factors on the relationship between self-compassion and the perceived stress of men residing in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a nationwide cross-sectional study carried out between June and December 2020 with 1006 men who completed a semi-structured electronic questionnaire. Data were collected using the snowball technique. Perceived stress was measured by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), and self-compassion was assessed using the Self-Compassion Scale. Most men had low self-compassion (51.5%; n = 516) and a moderate level of perceived stress (60.9%; n = 613), while 15.9% (n = 170) had a high level of stress. The prevalence of men in the combined situation of low self-compassion and high perceived stress was 39.4% (n = 334). Living with friends had a higher prevalence of low self-compassion and high perceived stress. The prevalence of common mental disorders was high (54.3%). Men with low levels of self-compassion reported higher levels of perceived stress; however, this association was moderated by emotional and sociodemographic variables. These findings highlight the importance of considering individual and contextual factors in public policies promoting men's mental health.

Cultural adaptation and Rasch psychometrics of the Substance Addiction Consequences scale.

This study aims to adapt and evaluate the validity of the Substance Addiction Consequences scale for the Brazilian community-based addiction setting. This is a psychometric study, conducted in two stages: (1) cultural adaptation and (2) validation using the psychometric Rasch model. The Substance Addiction Consequences derived from the Nursing Outcome Classification comprises 16 items and four domains in the original instrument. We applied the original scale with 200 outpatients at two Psychosocial Care Centers for Alcohol and Drugs in São Paulo, Brazil. The four subscales are suitable for the Rasch model. In 13 of the 16 items, infits and outfits are between 0.5 and 1.5, corresponding to the model's optimal parameters. In addition, we removed one item that distorted the measurement. The psychometrics suggested that the SAC scale is valid with its 15 items and four domains. Therefore, it can be considered appropriate to use in the Brazilian community-based addiction setting.

Interaction between Work and Metabolic Syndrome: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a clinical condition and a relevant risk factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases; it occurs as a result of lifestyle factors, e.g., work. The aim of this research was to estimate the interaction between work and MS among primary health care (PHC) nursing professionals in the state of Bahia, Brazil. A sectional multicentered study carried out in 43 municipalities in Bahia, whose study population consisted of nursing professionals. The exposure variables were occupation, professional exhaustion, and working time, and the outcome variable was MS. Interaction measures based on the additivity criteria were verified by calculating the excess risks due to the interactions and according to the proportion of cases attributed to the interactions and the synergy index. The global MS prevalence is 24.4%. There was a greater magnitude in the exposure group regarding the three investigated factors (average level occupation, professional exhaustion, and working time in PHC for more than 5 years), reaching an occurrence of 44.9% when compared to the prevalence of 13.1% in the non-exposure group (academic education, without professional burnout, and working time in PHC for up to 5 years). The study's findings showed a synergistic interaction of work aspects for MS occurrence among PHC nursing professionals.

Drug use, mental health and problems related to crime and violence: cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between disorders related to the use of alcohol and other drugs and symptoms of mental disorders, problems related to crime and violence and to age and gender. METHODS: Cross-sectional descriptive study carried out with 128 users of a Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and other Drugs, in the city of São Paulo, interviewed by means of the instrument entitled Global Appraisal of Individual Needs - Short Screener. Univariate and multiple linear regression models were used to verify the correlation between the variables. RESULTS: Using univariate regression models, internalizing and externalizing symptoms and problems related to crime/violence proved significant and were included in the multiple model, in which only the internalizing symptoms and problems related to crime and violence remained significant. CONCLUSIONS: There is a correlation between the severity of problems related to alcohol use and severity of mental health symptoms and crime and violence in the study sample. The results emphasize the need for an interdisciplinary and intersectional character of attention to users of alcohol and other drugs, since they live in a socially vulnerable environment.

[Effectiveness of the brief intervention for the use of abusive alcohol in primary care: systematic review]. / Efetividade da intervenção breve para o uso abusivo de álcool na atenção primária: revisão sistemática.

The research identified clinical studies on the brief interventions for the abusive use of alcohol and analyzed the effectiveness of professional advises proposed to alcohol consumers. The systematic bibliographical study was based on articles published during the period of 1997 to 2010. Brief intervention strategy is effective in the reduction on the frequency and amount of alcohol use, with better results when the strategy is applied to the primary attention situations. All professionals obtained good results using this therapy. It was not possible to determine if the strategy is most effective when applied to harmful drinkers or to chronic drinkers, since the intervention also depends on the patient's availability of motivational resources and on changes in attitude regarding the abusive use of alcohol.

[Caring for people with psychoactive substance dependence: nursing student perceptions]. / Cuidar de dependentes de substâncias psicoativas: percepçães dos estudantes de enfermagem.

This was a qualitative exploratory study aiming to better understand the perceptions of student nurses regarding care of the chemically dependent. Semistructured interviews were conducted between 2007 and 2009 with 17 nursing students from a public university in the city of São Paulo who were training in specialized services for abusers of alcohol and drugs. The content analysis technique was used, and the discourse evaluation revealed that care for the chemically dependent was considered interesting but difficult and exhausting. A positive outcome noted by the students was that the discussion of theory and experience enabled them to change their perceptions of the issue from a moral model base to a more technical, scientific and ethical one. It was concluded that this teaching strategy can contribute to changing the perceptions of nurses toward these patients.

[Translation and cultural adaptation of the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs - Initial]. / Tradução e adaptação cultural do global appraisal of individual needs - initial.

The objective of this study was to perform the translation and cultural adaptation of the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs - Initial instrument, and calculate its content validity index. This is a methodological study designed for the cultural adaptation of the instrument. The instrument was translated into Portuguese in two versions that originated the synthesis of the translations, which were then submitted to the evaluation of four judges, experts in the field of alcohol and other drugs. After the suggested changes were made, the instrument was back-translated and resubmitted to the judges and authors of the original instrument, resulting in the final version of the instrument, Avaliação Global das Necessidades Individuais - Inicial. The content validity index of the instrument was 0.91, considered valid according to the literature. The instrument Avaliação Global das Necessidades Individuais - Inicial was culturally adapted to the Portuguese language spoken in Brazil; however, it was not submitted to tests with the target population, which suggests further studies should be performed to test its reliability and validity.

[Analysis of mental health devices in the cities of the Paraíba Valley]. / Análise dos dispositivos de saúde mental em municípios do Vale do Paraíba.

This study's purpose was to identify and to analyse the relation between population about the amount and modality of existing mental health devices. That was a a descriptive-exploratory study carried out in 27 municipalities of the Regional of Health XVII of São Paulo State. Of the participant municipalities, seven had some mental health device, totalling 12 in five different modalities: two Centers of Psychosocial Attention type I; two of type II; one day-hospital; 12 beds in a general hospital; four outpatient clinics and seven beds in emergency services. High number of residents in those municipalities is without mental care coverage.

[Innovative practices for health care]. / Práticas inovadoras para o cuidado em saúde.

The need to build a new look to the care, based on dialogue and creativity, enables the social transformation of the role of professionals in their practice. It is understood here that the care is more than an act: it is an attitude. Moreover, the conceptual framework of psychosocial rehabilitation is an instrument that might enable the construction of this new look. In this context, to care is to consider the importance of building projects of life, significant for each user, as lynchpin of the therapeutic action. The necessary changes in mental health's practice and psychiatric nursing are progressing, since the knowledge produced in this area incorporates strategies to welcome and maintenance which considers, at all times, the exercise of active citizenship of the mental patients.

[The knowledge produced in the graduate program in nursing: psychiatric nursing]. / O conhecimento produzido no programa de Pós-graduação em enfermagem: a enfermagem psiquiátrica.

After almost 30 years since the creation of the Psychiatric Nursing Concentration Area in the Graduate Program of the University of São Paulo Nursing School, it is important to take a look at its scientific production in order to substantiate reflection about teaching. This is a descriptive-exploratory study. It used as sources the registers of the Graduate Service, abstracts from theses and dissertations, and memoranda and official correspondence. The data collected were analyzed in the light of the transformations occurred in this structure that has graduated 60 students, of which 50 obtained a Master's Degree and 10 a PhD, and that has been restructuring its disciplines, research lines and projects with the objective of responding to internal and external evaluations and adjusting to the guidelines of the country's fostering agencies. Current scientific production points out to an alignment with the guidelines of the Psychiatric Reform, and a tendency to produce knowledge through the concrete practice of the workers in the assistance field, the mana-gement and the teaching of Mental Health.

[Health and mental health policies in Brazil: social exclusion/inclusion as intention and action]. / Políticas de saúde e de saúde mental no Brasil: a exclusão/inclusão social como intenção e gesto.

This study emphasizes the specific characteristics of the mental health as a health policy in the social political field, in Brazil. The objective of this study is to analyze on the Society/State/Health articulations between the structural policies and the specific politic program by means of the historical rescue of these policies, identifying the characteristics and problems at each moment. Presently, an impact between the two strategies of the psychiatric assistance is observed: the hegemonic, hospital centered model which abducts lives, mutilate bodies and minds and trade the Health and, that one, against to the predominant model, searching the rupture by criticizing the Brazilian society.