ABSTRACT
Phubbing behavior is a phenomenon that consists in ignoring people in situations of social interaction whilst paying attention to one's smartphone. The study of this behavior enables reflection on the development of healthy behavior patterns when using technology and the design of intervention strategies to cope with phubbing behavior. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between phubbing behavior, use of Instagram, personality traits (Big Five), and sociodemographic variables (gender, education, and age) among Brazilian adults. This was a cross-sectional study with a sample of 1551 adults (61.7% women; 29.9% men), aged between 18 and 76 years (M = 31.6 years; SD = 9.6 years). The results of the correlation analysis indicated that excessive use of Instagram showed a high, positive association ρ (1551) = 0.442 with Phubbing Behavior and a moderate one with neuroticism ρ (1551) = 0.272. Phubbing behavior was positively and moderately with neuroticism ρ (1551) = 0.290, but it had a weak, negative correlation with age ρ (1551) = -0.117; p < 0.001. Multiple linear regression analysis (forward method) indicated that the variables that most strongly impacted Phubbing Behavior were neuroticism (ΔR2 = .236), conscientiousness (ΔR2 = .244) and use of Instagram (ΔR2 = .204). This result indicates that conscientiousness may have a predictive potential to decrease phubbing behavior, whereas neuroticism and use of Instagram may lead to increased phubbing. Multivariate Analysis of Variance indicated that excessive use of Instagram registered higher scores for women (M = 11.48; SD = 0.21) than for men (M = 9.45; SD = 0.27, p < 0.001). It was concluded that while conscientiousness can function as a protective factor for the development of phubbing behavior, high levels of neuroticism and excessive use of Instagram have greater potential to act as risk factors for it. In addition, neuroticism is also a risk factor for excessive use of Instagram, and women are more prone to such overuse.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Apreender as dimensões do acesso e da atenção integral na rede do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) na perspectiva da diversidade de gênero. Métodos: Pesquisa exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa, realizada em Unidades Básicas de Saúde vinculadas à rede de Atenção Básica, em Teresina, Piauí, Brasil, da qual participaram (n=19) lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis e transexuais (LGBT). Os dados foram coletados no ano de 2016, através de quatro grupos focais e por meio da questão norteadora "Como vocês gostariam de ver o acesso, a qualidade e o modo de organização das ações e serviços de saúde a serem ofertados para a população LGBT?", e foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Emergiram quatro categorias interpretativas, uma para cada grupo estudado: Atendimento ginecológico às lésbicas; O gay afeminado nos serviços de saúde; Em busca da equidade para as travestis; O nome social para as mulheres transexuais no SUS. As lésbicas informaram que enfrentam barreiras no acesso aos serviços de saúde e no atendimento ginecológico; para os gays, o acesso é fragilizado para aqueles afeminados; já para as travestis, a equidade do cuidado, através de ambulatórios específicos, foi apontada como estratégia importante; e, para as mulheres transexuais, o uso do nome social deveria ser incorporado na rotina dos serviços de saúde. Conclusão: Há uma emergência no acesso às redes de atenção à saúde integral da população LGBT, com o intuito de promover a inclusão em seus diversos equipamentos sociais, promulgar o respeito e facilitar práticas de equidade.
Objective: To understand the dimensions of access to and comprehensive care in the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde SUS) from the gender diversity perspective. Methods: Qualitative exploratory research carried out in Primary Health Care centers of the Primary Health Care network in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil, with (n=19) lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transvestites and transsexuals (LGBT). Data were collected in 2016 through four focus groups and a guiding question: "How would you like to see the access to, the quality and the organization of the actions and services offered to the LGBT population?". Data underwent content analysis. Results: Four interpretative categories emerged, one for each group analyzed: Gynecological care for lesbians; The effeminate gay in the health services; In search of equity for transvestites; The assumed name for transsexual women in SUS. The lesbians said they face barrier to the access to health services and gynecological care; for gays, access is more difficult for those effeminate; for transvestites, the equity of care in specific outpatient clinics was pointed out as an important strategy; and for transsexual women, the use of the assumed name should be incorporated into the routine of health services. Conclusion: There is an urgent need for access to comprehensive health care networks by the LGBT people in order to promote their inclusion in the several social spaces, foster respect and facilitate equitable practices.
Objetivo: Aprehender las dimensiones del acceso y de la atención integral de la red del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) en la perspectiva de la diversidad de género. Métodos: Investigación exploratoria de abordaje cualitativo realizada en Unidades Básicas de Salud vinculadas a la red de Atención Básica de Teresina, Piauí, Brasil, en la cual participaron (n=19) lesbianas, gays, bisexuales, travestís y transexuales (LGBT). Se recogieron los datos en el año de 2016 a través de cuatro grupos focales con la pregunta guía "Cómo a vosotros les gustaría ver el acceso, la calidad y el modo de organización de las acciones y servicios ofrecidos a la población LGBT?" y fueron analizados a través del análisis de contenido. Resultados: Emergieron cuatro categorías interpretativas, una para cada grupo estudiado: Atención ginecológica a las lesbianas; El gay amariposado en los servicios de salud; Buscando la equidad para las travestís; El nombre social de las mujeres transexuales en el SUS. Las lesbianas informaron que afrontan barreras para el acceso a los servicios de salud y la atención ginecológica; para los gays el acceso es fragilizado para aquellos que son amariposados; para las travestís la equidad del cuidado a través de ambulatorios específicos ha sido apuntada como estrategia importante; y para las mujeres transexuales el uso del nombre social debería ser incorporado en la rutina de los servicios de salud. Conclusión: Hay emergencia para el acceso a las redes de atención a la salud integral de la población LGBT con el objetivo de promocionar la inclusión de sus diversos equipamientos sociales, promulgar el respecto y facilitar las prácticas de la equidad.
