[Quality of life in patients diagnosed of prostate cancer treated with continuous androgen deprivation therapy vs. intermittent therapy]. / Calidad de vida de pacientes con cáncer de próstata en tratamiento con bloqueo androgénico continuo vs intermitente.

BACKGROUND: Treatment with intermittent androgen deprivation (IAD) seeks to improve the quality of life of patients with prosta-te cancer, with the same oncologic results as continuous androgen deprivation (CAD). The aim of this paper is to compare, using the CAVIPRES questionnaire, the quality of life between two groups of patients, one treated with CAD and the other with IAD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A longitudinal study was performed for 24 months involving 114 patients. After 6 months, patients were randomized to two treatment groups (49 patients in CAD and 51 patients in IAD), controlled at 6, 12 and 18 months from randomisation. The score of the items and the overall score of the CAVIPRES questionnaire between the two groups was compared and their variation over time was studied. RESULTS: Patients with IAD had a better overall score than patients with CAD (p=0.002). Of the 5 blocks of items into which the questionnaire was divided, the IAD group had a better score than CAD in "Psychological aspects" (p=0.009) and "Social and partner support" (p=0.008). At 18 months, IAD improved the overall quality of life of patients relative to the time of randomization (p=0.000), as well as the score for "Sexual Life" (p=0.000) and "Social and partner support" (p=0.002). CAD did not improve overall quality of life or the score for the different blocks throughout the study (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: IAD improves overall quality of life of patients at 18 months of stopping treatment.

[Treatment of locally advanced renal tumors]. / Tratamiento de los tumores renales localmente avanzados.

INTRODUCTION: Locally advanced renal tumors show a high progression rate after surgery. Surgical treatment of renal tumors has some unique characteristics related to involvement of the adrenal gland, vena cava, or regional lymph nodes. OBJECTIVE: To review the current treatment of locally advanced renal tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A review is made of both the different drugs used and the different therapeutic possibilities in these tumors. RESULTS: Systemic treatment with angiogenesis inhibitors may improve the natural history of these patients. Systemic treatment may be administered before surgery or as an adjuvant to surgical treatment. Early studies showed a decrease in tumor mass when treatment is administered before surgery, but no prospective randomized studies providing adequate evidence for recommending neoadjuvant treatment are available. CONCLUSIONS: Availability of systemic treatment with angiogenesis inhibitors may open an important field in the treatment of these tumors in both the neoadjuvant setting and as adjuvants to surgery, but no sufficiently solid scientific evidence as to recommend their use is currently available. Randomized studies with sunitinib and sorafenib will probably suggest the adequate approach to be used when their final results are reported.

TOT en el tratamiento de la incontinencia de esfuerzo: nuestra experiencia, comparándola con la TVT / TOT in the treatment of the stress urinary incontinence: our experience, comparing it with the TVT

Introducción: En el año 2004 iniciamos la técnica de TOT para el tratamiento de la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo. En este estudio comparamos los resultados con las series publicadas de TOT y con la serie de TVT realizadas en nuestro servicio. Material y métodos: Hemos intervenido a 171 pacientes, con una edad media de 57,7 años. En el 167% de ellas, además de realizar TOT, asociamos reparación de defectos anatómicos pélvicos. Resultados: Con un seguimiento medio de 12 meses y mediana de 14 meses, el 87% de las pacientes están curadas. Los fracasos aparecieron de forma precoz en los 3 primeros meses de seguimiento. Como complicaciones aparecieron, retenciones post-operatorias de menos de 30 días en el 2,7%, retenciones a largo en el 4,8%, hematomas post-quirúrgicos en el 1,3%, extrusión de la malla en el 2% y urgencia de novo en el 2.3%. Conclusiones: La TOT es una técnica no exenta de complicaciones aunque la proporción de ellas es baja y con unos resultados que son alentadores. Se trata de una técnica quirúrgica sencilla, que como toda técnica, tiene una curva de aprendizaje. Requiere un corto tiempo quirúrgico (menor que la TVT) y puede ser realizada en régimen de Cirugía Mayor Ambulatoria. Las dos técnicas (TVT/TOT) han demostrado ser similares en cuanto a tasas de curación aunque en la serie de TOT es levemente más baja. Las diferencias de las complicaciones se dan en los porcentajes aunque siempre escasas

Introduction: In the year 2004 begin the technique of TOT for the treatment of the urinary incontinence of effort. In this study we compare the results with the published series of TOT and with the series of TVT carried out in our service. Material and methods: We have intervened to 171 patients, with a 57.7 year-old half age. In their 16%, besides carrying out TOT, we associate repair of anatomical pelvic defects. Results: After a follow-up of 12 months and a mean of 14, 87% of the cases succeeded. Failures arose during the first three months of therapy. As complications they appeared post-operative retentions of less than 30 days in 2.7%, retentions to long in 4.8%, post-surgical hematomas in 1.3%, extrusion of the mesh in 2% and novo urgency in 2.3%. Conclusions: TOT is a technique it doesn’t exempt of complications although their proportion is low and with some results that they are encouraging. It is about a surgical simple technique that as all technique, he/she has a learning curve. It requires a surgical (smaller than TVT) short time and it can be carried out in régime of bigger Ambulatory Surgery. The two techniques (TVT / TOT) have demonstrated to be similar as for cure rates although in the series of TOT it is slightly more baja. Las differences of the complications they are given in the percentages although always scarce

[TOT in the treatment of the stress urinary incontinence: our experience, comparing it with the TVT]. / TOT en el tratamiento de la incontinencia de esfuerzo: nuestra experiencia, comparándola con la TVT.

INTRODUCTION: In the year 2004 begin the technique of TOT for the treatment of the urinary incontinence of effort. In this study we compare the results with the published series of TOT and with the series of TVT carried out in our service. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have intervened to 171 patients, with a 57.7 year-old half age. In their 16%, besides carrying out TOT, we associate repair of anatomical pelvic defects. RESULTS: After a follow-up of 12 months and a mean of 14, 87% of the cases succeeded. Failures arose during the first three months of therapy. As complications they appeared post-operative retentions of less than 30 days in 2.7%, retentions to long in 4.8%, post-surgical hematomas in 1.3%, extrusion of the mesh in 2% and novo urgency in 2.3%. CONCLUSIONS: TOT is a technique it doesn't exempt of complications although their proportion is low and with some results that they are encouraging. It is about a surgical simple technique that as all technique, he/she has a learning curve. It requires a surgical (smaller than TVT) short time and it can be carried out in regime of bigger Ambulatory Surgery. The two techniques (TVT / TOT) have demonstrated to be similar as for cure rates although in the series of TOT it is slightly more baja. Las differences of the complications they are given in the percentages although always scarce.

[TVT our experience five years and six months later]. / Nuestra experiencia a cinco años y medio en TVT.

OBJECTIVE: We present the outcome of urinary incontinence surgery after TVT more than five year of follow-up. Efficacy was evaluated in terms of complete cure of incontinence, complications, and patient satisfaction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A sample of 369 female with genuine stress incontinence or mixed incontinence who had a TVT performed in our hospital between 1998-2003 were evaluated. Sample average age was 59.9 years. A total of 326 patients (85%) had genuine stress incontinence and 56 (15%) mixed incontinence. Preoperative evaluation was base on: clinical history and physical examination, stress test, flowmetry and post voided residual. Cistometry was indicated only in patients with previous surgery and mixed incontinence. Severity of incontinence was graded clinically. Primary outcome measure was complete cure of incontinence defined as lack of objective and subjective leakage. In addition a phone survey about patient satisfaction with the surgery was carried out. RESULTS: The average follow up was 35 months (6-67). A total of 317 were complete continent (86%). By contrast, 52 patients (14%) had leakages jet. The novo urgency rate was 7% and a 5.7% of patients were reoperated to cut the mesh because of obstruction. Nevertheless, the reoperation rate was low and only a patient showed a massive haematoma which needed to be evacuated. CONCLUSION: Bursch Technique through suprapubic route has been classically considered the gold standard procedure for stress urinary incontinence for the last decades, having been substituted nowadays by tension-free suburethral mesh sling whose most important advantages are: Simplicity of the method, lower cost and higher comfort for the patient due to the fact that we have chaged in-patient surgery program for ambulatory one with similar results in order to sanation. Anyway we will have to check if the preliminary good results and no complications persist in the follow-up.

[Segmental testicular infarction]. / Infarto segmentario de testículo.

We report the case of a 47 years old man previously diagnosed of left hidrocele. After having a recent mild left testicular pain, an ultrasonografic study revealed a solid hipoecoic testicular lesion rounded by a big hidrocele, suggesting a testicular neoplasm. Radical inguinal orchiectomy was made and pathologic study showed segmental testicular infarction. No malignancy was found. We review the literature of the topic.

[Minimal prostatic adenocarcinomas in the biopsy treated with radical prostatectomy]. / Adenocarcinomas minimos de próstata en la biopsia sometidos a prostatectomía radical.

FUNDAMENTALS: Valuation about clinical pathologyc facts of patients having undergone a radical prostatectomy due to a minimal prostate adenocarcinoma shown at the biopsy. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of patients having undergone a radical prostatectomy due to a minimal prostate adenocarcinoma shown at the biopsy in front of the remaining radical prostatectomies. RESULTS: In 20 patients (7.6%) out of the 260 having undergone a radical prostatectomy between 1992 and 2004 the biopsy was informed as "minimal adenocarcinoma". These patients ranged 58 to 73 years with PSA levels from 5.2 to 17.1 ng/ml. Everyone except one were clinically T1c. At the definitive pathological study the Gleason was 6, 4, 3 and 2 in 3, 3, 8 and 4 patients respectively, with one having a minimal adenocarcinoma not graded and another one with a PIN ?. 3 showed only 1 focus with a tumoral volume less than 5% of the tissue (84.2% with significant tumor or multifocal). The final staging was 1 pT0 (PIN ?), 7 pT2a, 11 pT2b and 1 pT3a (62.5% bilaterals). Relating to the remaining patients under prostatectomy, patients with minimal adenocarcinoma presented significative differences in Gleason sum (p < 0.029) and staging (p = 0.02); no in PSA mean (p = 0.243). SUMMARY: Minimal adenocarcinomas of the prostate at the biopsy are significant but do present lower staging and grading in relation with the rest of patients.

[Micropapillary carcinoma of the bladder: case report and review of the literature]. / Carcinoma micropapilar de vejiga: aportación de un caso y revisión de la bibliografía.

Micropapillary carcinoma is an uncommon pathologic variant of bladder carcinoma with aggressive behavior. Its usual presentation is like a high grade and high stage carcinoma and associated with other histologic types in different proportion. It doesn't differ clinically from normal transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Studies of molecular markers are still contradictories. Treatment should be early and aggresive, based on surgical therapy as radiotherapy and chemotherapy have shown limited results. We report a 72 year old man suffering from low urinary tract symptoms for years and recently presented gross hematuria. He was diagnosed as high stage micropapillary carcinoma. One year after radical cystectomy and subsequent chemotherapy based on carboplatin and gemcitabine, progression of the disease was shown on CT and the patient died 14 months after the diagnosis.

[TVT: three years of experience]. / TVT: 3 años de experiencia.

INTRODUCTION: Since the description of the TVT technique as a therapy to stress urinary incontinence, in 1996, about 150000 subjects have undergone it. This technique was first used in our centre in november 1998. This article is aimed to contain our view of its evolution in the past three years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 142 patients of an average of 59 years old have been operated on. In 57% of the cases, we also focused on the solutions to anatomic pelvis disorders. RESULTS: After a follow-up of 17 months and a mean of 14 months, 93% of the cases succeeded. Failures arose during the first six months of therapy. We found the following complications: 4.8% of bladder perforations, 17% of postoperative retentions of no longer than 30 days, 2% of long-term retentions, 2.7% of postsurgical hematomas, and 9% of urge incontinence. Surgery was performed on 10 patients who had undergone surgery against bladder incontinence before, and all the cases proved success. CONCLUSIONS: This technique is simple and only requires a short surgical time, and it can be applied for major ambulatory surgery. Although it is possible to encounter complications, they rarely occur and results are still encouraging. However, it is now necessary to verify that our long-term studies match with the success rates of 84.7%.

[Scrotal leiomyoma: report of a case]. / Leiomioma de escroto: aportación de un caso.

Scrotal leiomyoma is a benign rare tumour, asymptomatic, which origin is the dartos muscle and the election treatment is surgical. We report a new case in a 68-year-old patients with a 10 years history of a scrotal tumour and anatomopathological diagnostic post surgery was leiomyoma.

[Ambulatory major surgery: our experience]. / Cirugía mayor ambulatoria: nuestra experiencia.

INTRODUCTION: The first Surgery Ambulatory Unit was created in 1990, at the Hospital de Viladecans although in 1982 Polo et al. had commenced a programme of strictly ambulatory surgery. The Spanish Services of Urology are going to be incorporated to this new style of labour, and, by the moment, with excellent results. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We realize a description of the functioning of our service inside the Unit of Ambulatory Major Surgery, and a descriptive analysis of our activity in above mentioned unit since February 2000(creation date) to May 2001. RESULTS: 118 patients were operated, being 15% women and 85% men. The most frequent surgery done were: hydrocelectomy, orchiopexy, varicocelectomy, vesical distensions, Nesbit technique and internal urethrotomy. From the whole of the patients, none was increased, and the complication tax was similar to the conventional surgery patients. This kind of surgery suppose 17% in 2000 and 19% in 2001 of the whole of surgery, with clear increasing tendency in the last months. CONCLUSIONS: The Ambulatory Major Surgery is an effective and efficient care pattern in which Urology Services are included, so that the degree of satisfaction of the patients and the quality offered is similar to the inpatient surgery.

[Extrinsic ureteral obstruction secondary to appendiceal mucocele]. / Obstrucción ureteral extrínseca secundaria a mucocele apendicular.

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of extrinsic ureteral obstruction arising from mucocele of the appendix and review the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of this appendiceal pathology of interest in urology. METHODS: A 71-year-old female patient that had previously undergone radical gynecological surgery and postoperative radiotherapy presented with right lumbar pain. Patient evaluation by ultrasound, IVP and CT showed a pelvic mass causing right extrinsic ureteral obstruction. Release and reinsertion of the right ureter and appendectomy were performed. RESULTS: The anatomopathological study showed an appendiceal mucinous cystadenoma. The patient is asymptomatic after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Appendiceal mucocele is a dilatation of the vermiform appendix due to collection of mucoid material that is frequently produced by a cystadenoma. The presenting feature is usually that of acute appendicitis. The definitive diagnosis is based on the anatomopathological findings. Treatment is by appendectomy for the benign tumors and by right hemicolectomy in a second stage procedure for malignant tumors. This appendiceal pathology should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of right extrinsic ureteral obstruction.

[Syringocele of the Cowper's gland]. / Siringocele de la glándula de Cowper.

OBJECTIVE: To report an additional case of syringocele of Cowper's glands and briefly review its etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. METHODS/RESULTS: A 26-year-old male consulted for a recent voiding syndrome and chronic postvoid dribbling. A voiding cystourethrogram demonstrated a syringocele, which was confirmed during endoscopic treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Syringocele or cystic dilatation of Cowper's gland duct usually has a congenital etiology. There are four morphological types: simple, perforated, imperforate and ruptured. Diagnosis is made by voiding cystourethrography and confirmed by endoscopy. Transperineal ultrasound was also utilized for the diagnosis. Treatment is by endoscopic incision.

[Leiomyoma of the bladder. Report of a case]. / Leiomioma de vejiga. A propósito de un caso.

Benign bladder tumors of mesenchymal origin have a very low appearance incidence, being the most frequent the leiomyoma. We report new case, making a discussion about the complementary tests needed for the diagnose.

[Post-surgical spindle cell nodule in kidney pelvis]. / Nódulo fusocelular post-quirúrgico en pelvis renal.

INTRODUCTION: The postoperative spindle cell nodule of the urinary tract is a being proliferative lesion similar to sarcoma in the microscopic exam. We present a case of modulein renal pelvis location. CASE: A woman presenting a stag horn lithiasis in left kidney was treated by LOC and percutaneous nephroscopy. Because of the large size of the stone a second intervention was required four weeks later. Then we discovered a 2 cm exophytic lesion in renal pelvis and removed it easily with a forceps. DISCUSSION: This kind lesion belong to the group of iatrogenic inflammatory pseudotumours, which are secondary to an injury that leads to a tissular repairing response. Differential diagnostic includes sarcomas. CONCLUSION: It is important that Urology and pathology specialist think of this tumour in patients having a recent surgical intervention. A mistake in the diagnosis would lead us to an unnecessary radical surgery.