ABSTRACT
Os recentes casos envolvendo a morte de crianças em razão da suspensão do suporte vital, mesmo com a oposição dos pais, demonstram a necessidade de um debate transdisciplinar sobre o conteúdo do princípio do melhor interesse da criança e a extensão dos poderes-deveres decorrentes da autoridade parental. Poderia a morte, em determinadas situações, representar o melhor interesse da criança? Partindo dos casos de Charlie Gard e Alfie Evans, este artigo tem por objetivo a busca de parâmetros para a tomada de decisões voltadas à terminalidade da vida infantil. Por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica interdisciplinar, buscam-se fundamentos para confirmar ou refutar a hipótese de que a morte pode ser configurada como o melhor interesse da criança em contextos específicos
Los recientes casos que involucran la muerte de niños en razón de la suspensión del soporte vital, incluso con la incisiva oposición de los padres, demuestran la necesidad de un debate transdisciplinario sobre el contenido del principio del mejor interés del niño y la extensión de los poderes-deberes derivados de la autoridad parental. ¿Podría la muerte, en determinadas situaciones, representar el mejor interés del niño? A partir de los casos Charlie Gard y Alfie Evans, este artículo objetiva la búsqueda de parámetros para la toma de decisiones dirigidas a la terminalidad de la vida infantil. Por medio de una revisión bibliográfica interdisciplinaria, se buscan fundamentos para confirmar o refutar la hipótesis de que la muerte puede ser configurada como el mejor interés del niño en contextos específicos
The recent cases involving the death of children due to the suspension of life support, even with the strong opposition of their parents, demonstrate the need for a transdisciplinary debate on the content of the principle of the best interests of the child and the extension of the powers-duties arising from the parental authority. Could death, in certain situations, represent the best interest of the child? Based on the cases of Charlie Gard and Alfie Evans, this article aims to search for parameters for the decision-making in situations of terminally ill infants. Through an interdisciplinary bibliographical review, it is sought the confirmation or refutation of the hypothesis that death can be configured as the best interest of the child in specific contexts
Els recents casos que involucren la mort de nens a causa de la suspensió del suport vital, fins i tot amb l'enèrgica oposició dels pares, demostren la necessitat d'un debat transdisciplinar sobre el contingut del principi del millor interès del nen i l'extensió dels poders-deures derivats de l'autoritat parental. Podria la mort, en determinades situacions, suposar el millor interès del nen? A partir dels casos Charlie Gard i Alfie Evans, aquest article objectiva la recerca de paràmetres per a la presa de decisions dirigides al final de vida infantil. Per mitjà d'una revisió bibliogràfica interdisciplinària, es pretèn confirmar o refutar la hipòtesi que la mort pot ser configurada com el millor interès del nen en contextos específics
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Right to Die/ethics , Withholding Treatment/ethics , Medical Futility/ethics , Terminal Care/ethics , Hospice Care/ethics , Clinical Decision-Making/ethics , Right to Die/legislation & jurisprudence , Euthanasia, Passive/legislation & jurisprudence , Terminally Ill , Death , Patient Rights/ethics , Withholding Treatment/legislation & jurisprudence , Terminal Care/legislation & jurisprudence , Parenting , Human Rights/legislation & jurisprudence , Hospice Care/legislation & jurisprudenceABSTRACT
A normatização, ética e jurídica, da reprodução humana assistida no Brasil faz-se por meio de poucos instrumentos, sobretudo pela Resolução do Conselho Federal de Medicina n. 2013, de 16 de abril de 2013, que veio revogar a regulação de 2010 e reconhecer a possibilidade de casais homoafetivos se utilizarem das técnicas. Muitas são as discussões levantadas por essa regulação, inclusive quanto às consequências jurídicas da reprodução assistida realizada após a morte de um dos pais. Sobre essa situação específica cita-se um julgado, em que o pai falecido não havia permitido expressamente o uso de seu sêmen para depois da morte (AU)
The regulatory, ethical and legal, of assisted human reproduction occurs in Brazil for a few instruments, especially the Resolution of the Federal Council of Medicine n. 2013, April 16, 2013, which revoked the Resolution 1957/2010 and recognized the possibility of homosexual couples when using the techniques. The discussions raised by this regulation are many, including as to the legal consequences of assisted reproduction made after the death of a parent. Concerning this specific situation, there was a trial in which the deceased father had not expressly permitted the use of their semen after his death (AU)
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Reproductive Rights/ethics , Bioethical Issues , Reproductive Techniques, Assisted/ethics , Maternal Age , Confidentiality/ethics , Embryo Disposition/ethics , Tissue Donors/ethics , Insemination, Artificial, Heterologous/ethicsABSTRACT
Las técnicas de Reproducción Humana Asistida han evolucionado notablemente desde sus inicios y alcanzan actualmente a un número cada vez más elevado de usuarios. Hay países que se han ocupado de legislar sobre el tema y otros que, en cambio, no l han hecho. Igualmente, existen países con legislaciones más restrictivas y otros con normas más permisivas. En otros Estados a pesar de que las técnicas de reproducción asistida se practican regularmente, no existen leyes sistemáticas que las regulen. Pero, lo que está claro es que las técnicas de Reproducción Humana ya no pueden prohibirse. El centro de la discusión versa en los límites del uso de esta técnica. En cuanto a estos límites, lo que se pretende discutir, en este artículo, es como hacer efectivo el derecho al reconocimiento del otrigen genético, que puede ser reclamado por el nacido de TRA sininfringir la intimidad del donante de material biológico. Muchos son los argumentos a favor del derecho al conocimiento del origen genético. De otro lado, las donaciones de gametos sonposibles debido a la garantía de confidencialidad de la identidad del donante. A lo largo del artículo se abordará este asunto en países como España, Portugal, Brasil, Argentina y Uruguay (AU)
The Assisted Human Reproduction techniques have envolved remarkably since their creation and reach an ever increasing number of users. Some countries have worked on legislating on such topic and some others have not. Also, some countries have more restrictive legislations whilst others have more permissive ones. In other countries, despite the use of human assisted techniques happen regularly, there are not any systematic laws that reulate this kind of practises. Nonetheless, it is clear enough that the Human Reproduction techniques can no longer be prohibited. The main issue becomes the limitations of use os such technique. In regards to these limitations, it is intented to discuss, in this paper, how to ensure the right of knowledge in regards to the origin of the genetic material, which can be claimed by those born as a result of the use of ART, without violating the privacy of the biological material donor. And there are several arguments supporting this right of knowledge. On the other hand, the gametes donations are possible due to the guarantee of confidential of the donor's identity. Throughout the paper, this issue will be addresses in countries such as Spain, Portugal, Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Reproductive Techniques, Assisted/legislation & jurisprudence , Reproductive Techniques, Assisted , Epidemiological Monitoring/trends , Germ Cells , Confidentiality , Spain/epidemiology , Portugal/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Argentina/epidemiology , Uruguay/epidemiologyABSTRACT
El Consejo Nacional de Salud de Brasil, en su ducentésima vigésima primera reunión ordinaria, celebrada los días 11 y 12 de mayo de 2011, aprobó la Resolución 441, con la finalidad de cubrir el vacío legal existente en este país en materia de almacenamiento y uso de material biológico humano con fines de investigación. A continuación se analiza la mencionada resolución (AU)
In its two hundred and twenty-first ordinary meeting, held on 11 and 12 May 2011, the Brazilian Health Board approved the Resolution 441. The objective of such was to cover the legal vacumm existing in Brazil with regard to storing and using human biological material for research purposes. This article analyses said resolution (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Biological Specimen Banks/legislation & jurisprudence , Databases, Genetic/legislation & jurisprudence , Genetic Research/legislation & jurisprudence , BrazilABSTRACT
In its two hundred and twenty-first ordinary meeting, held on 11 and 12 May 2011, the Brazilian Health Board approved the Resolution 441. The objective of such was to cover the legal vacuum existing in Brazil with regard to storing and using human biological material for research purposes. This article analyses said resolution.
Subject(s)
Biological Specimen Banks/legislation & jurisprudence , Brazil , HumansABSTRACT
Global interest in sugarcane has increased significantly in recent years due to its economic impact on sustainable energy production. Sugarcane breeding and better agronomic practices have contributed to a huge increase in sugarcane yield in the last 30 years. Additional increases in sugarcane yield are expected to result from the use of biotechnology tools in the near future. Genetically modified (GM) sugarcane that incorporates genes to increase resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses could play a major role in achieving this goal. However, to bring GM sugarcane to the market, it is necessary to follow a regulatory process that will evaluate the environmental and health impacts of this crop. The regulatory review process is usually accomplished through a comparison of the biology and composition of the GM cultivar and a non-GM counterpart. This review intends to provide information on non-GM sugarcane biology, genetics, breeding, agronomic management, processing, products and byproducts, as well as the current technologies used to develop GM sugarcane, with the aim of assisting regulators in the decision-making process regarding the commercial release of GM sugarcane cultivars.
ABSTRACT
Laryngeal cancer is a significant disease worldwide, which presents an increasing incidence. Two contrasting ideas of the immune system role during cancer development are accepted: (1) it fights tumor cells, and (2) it aids tumor progression. Thus, there is no clear understanding about the immune response in laryngeal cancer. Furthermore, since tobacco is the main cause of laryngeal cancer and it contains various carcinogenic components, including metallic elements, these may play a role on cancer development. Plasmas of patients with laryngeal cancer and of healthy smokers were evaluated by 2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Proteins were detected on every gel around pH 4.0-10.0 from molecular mass of 10-60 kDa. Few differences were found among cancer and control patients. However, three spots gathered between pI 7.3 and 7.6 with different molecular masses appeared exclusively in cancer profiles. From ten spots identified, six correspond to immune system components, including the three differential ones. The latter were observed only in cancer patients. The presence of several trace elements in the identified proteins was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, where chromium was increased in all proteins analyzed from patients with cancer. This study reinforces the importance of the immune response as target in the understanding and treatment of laryngeal cancer and the possibility that chromium is important in the carcinogenic progress.
Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/blood , Blood Proteins/metabolism , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/blood , Laryngeal Neoplasms/blood , Proteome/metabolism , Trace Elements/blood , Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional , Humans , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray IonizationABSTRACT
Partiendo de la idea de que aún no ha sido superada la fuerte tensión existente entre la libertad de investigación y la protección de la vida e integridad humanas, el presente artículo aborda la cuestión del marco normativo para la protección de la integridad en la investigación en el ordenamiento jurídico brasileño. A lo largo de trabajo se desarrollan los aspectos y principios generales que establecen los límites entre la actividad científica y los derechos e intereses de los sujetos sometidos a procesos de experimentación, así como el tratamiento que han merecido algunas situaciones especialmente problemáticas derivadas de la compleja composición cultural de la sociedad brasileña (AU)
Beginning with the assumption that the heated tension between research freedom and the protection of human life and integrity has not been overcome, this article discusses the issue of regulatory framework for the protection of research integrity in the Brazilian legal system. Throughout the work, the general aspects and principles that establish the limits between scientific activity and the rights and interests of the subjects of experimental processes are developed, as well as, the treatment deserved by certain especially problematic situations derived from the complex cultural composition of Brazilian society (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Reproductive Techniques/legislation & jurisprudence , Informed Consent/legislation & jurisprudence , Women's Rights/trends , Fertilization in Vitro/legislation & jurisprudenceABSTRACT
Beginning with the assumption that the heated tension between research freedom and the protection of human life and integrity has not been overcome, this article discusses the issue of regulatory framework for the protection of research integrity in the Brazilian legal system. Throughout the work, the general aspects and principles that establish the limits between scientific activity and the rights and interests of the subjects of experimental processes are developed, as well as the treatment deserved by certain especially problematic situations derived from the complex cultural composition of Brazilian society.
Subject(s)
Ethics, Research , Policy Making , Brazil , HumansABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Biological Specimen Banks/legislation & jurisprudence , Embryonic Stem Cells , Containment of Biohazards/legislation & jurisprudence , BrazilABSTRACT
The Brazilian Law on Biosafety was approved on March 2005. Subsequently, in May of this same year, the Attorney General of the Republic filed a lawsuit challenging the constitutional grounds of article 5 of the aforementioned Law. This article allows the use of embryonic stem cells in research and therapies obtained from surplus human embryos from techniques of in vitro fertilisations.
Subject(s)
Biomedical Research/legislation & jurisprudence , Embryonic Stem Cells , Risk Management/legislation & jurisprudence , BrazilABSTRACT
El 24 de marzo de 2005 fue aprobada por el Presidente de la República Federativa de Brasil la Nueva Ley de Bioseguridad. Esta ley contiene aspectos tan diversos, como los organismos genéticamente modificados, la manipulación genética de embriones humanos o la liberalización durante el periodo 2004-2005 del cultivo de soja transgénica. Este artículo trata de analizar y criticar el contenido de esta ley, resaltando la investigación y experimentación genética, los OGM y su repercusión en el medio ambiente y la responsabilidad penal que de todo esto se deriva. Así mismo, deja plena libertad al lector para sus propias conclusiones, se plantea el dilema moral sobre si es legítimo tomar decisiones gubernamentales teniendo únicamente en cuenta los intereses económicos y políticos, dejando al margen la opinión de la sociedad
On 24 March 2005, the President of the Federative Republic of Brazil approved the New Law on Biosecurity. This law has very diverse aspects, ranging from the genetically modified organisms to the genetic manipulation of human embryos or the liberalisation of the transgenic soy crops during 2004-2005. This article tries to analyse and criticise the content of the law, highlighting the genetic research and experimentation, the GMOs and their effect in the environment and the criminal responsibility derived from such actions. Likewise, it leaves rooms for the reader to reach his/her own conclusions. The author poses the moral dilemma on whether it is legitimate to make governmental decisions solely taking into account the economic and political interests, leaving aside the opinion of society
Subject(s)
Humans , Health Law , 35142 , 35436 , Security Measures/legislation & jurisprudence , Legislation as Topic/trends , Brazil , Human RightsABSTRACT
El 24 de marzo de 2005 fue aprobada por el Presidente de la República Federativa de Brasil la Nueva Ley de Bioseguridad. Esta ley contiene aspectos tan diversos, como los organismos genéticamente modificados, la manipulación genética de embriones humanos o la liberalización durante el periodo 2004-2005 del cultivo de soja transgénica. Este artículo trata de analizar y criticar el contenido de esta ley, resaltando la investigación y experimentación genética, los OGM y su repercusión en el medio ambiente y la responsabilidad penal que de todo esto se deriva. Así mismo, deja plena libertad al lector para sus propias conclusiones, se plantea el dilema moral sobre si es legítimo tomar decisiones gubernamentales teniendo únicamente en cuenta los intereses económicos y políticos, dejando al margen la opinión de la sociedad
On 24 March 2005, the President of the Federative Republic of Brazil approved the New Law on Biosecurity. This law has very diverse aspects, ranging from the genetically modified organisms to the genetic manipulation of human embryos or the liberalisation of the transgenic soy crops during 2004-2005. This article tries to analyse and criticise the content of the law, highlighting the genetic research and experimentation, the GMOs and their effect in the environment and the criminal responsibility derived from such actions. Likewise, it leaves rooms for the reader to reach his/her own conclusions. The author poses the moral dilemma on whether it is legitimate to make governmental decisions solely taking into account the economic and political interests, leaving aside the opinion of society
Subject(s)
Humans , Health Law , 35142 , 35436 , Security Measures/legislation & jurisprudence , Legislation as Topic/trends , Brazil , Human RightsABSTRACT
On 24 March 2005, the President of the Federative Republic of Brazil approved the New Law on Biosecurity. This law has very diverse aspects, ranging from the genetically modified organisms to the genetic manipulation of human embryos or the liberalisation of the transgenic soy crops during 2004-2005. This article tries to analyse and criticise the content of the law, highlighting the genetic research and experimentation, the GMOs and their effect in the environment and the criminal responsibility derived from such actions. Likewise, it leaves rooms for the reader to reach his/her own conclusions. The author poses the moral dilemma on whether it is legitimate to make governmental decisions solely taking into account the economic and political interests, leaving aside the opinion of society.
Subject(s)
Biotechnology/legislation & jurisprudence , Safety/legislation & jurisprudence , Biotechnology/ethics , Brazil , Humans , Plants, Genetically Modified , Social Responsibility , Stem Cell Transplantation/ethics , Stem Cell Transplantation/legislation & jurisprudenceABSTRACT
Este trabajo ofrece una amplia visión sobre la situación legal brasileña en lo referente a embriones humanos y cuál ha sido su desarrollo a lo largo del siglo XX. Durante este siglo, el ser humano desarrolló la posibilidad de realizar experimentos genéticos con embriones humanos. Nuestro mayor objetivo es asumir la responsabilidad futura de estas acciones desde un punto de vista jurídico y ético (AU)
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Embryonic Structures , Genetic Techniques , Legislation, Medical , Ethics, Medical , Reproductive Techniques/legislation & jurisprudence , BrazilABSTRACT
This work intends to provide a wide scope of the legal situation in Brazil referred to Human Embryos and how it has been developed through the 20th century. Across the last century, the human being got the possibility of making genetic experiments with human embryos. Our main goal is to assume the future responsibility of these actions through a juridical and ethical point of view.
