[Proceedings: The evaluation of the mixed venous O2-saturation in the oxymetric determination of heart minute volume and shunt size]. / Die Schätzung der gemischt-venösen O2-Sättigung bei der oxymetrischen Bestimmung von Herzminutenvolumen und Shuntgrösse

An investigation has been conducted into three groups of patients without intracardiac shunt (A: 59 adults without anesthesia, B: 58 children in anesthesia, C: 53 children without anesthesia). Oxygen saturation in the pulmonary artery was plotted against saturation in both venae cavae or against saturation in only one of them. The resulting 9 equations can be used as formulas to calculate the saturation of mixed venous blood in patients with an intracardiac shunt. Furthermore, mixed venous saturation can be estimated from "subclavian catheter" blood samples in patients without shunt.

[Proceedings: Cardiac therapy in chronic respiratory insufficiency]. / Herztherapie bei chronischer Ateminsuffizienz

The cardiac problems of patients with chronic respiratory failure are not confined to cor pulmonale. About one half of these patients also suffer from coronary heart disease with left heart failure, angina pectoris or arrhythmias. The specific difficulties surrounding cardiac therapy in these patients chiefly arise from the administration of digitalis, beta-adrenergic blocking and beta-adrenergic stimulating agents.

[Computation of mixed venous oxygen saturation in intracardial shunts and its dependence on age, anesthesia and premedication]. / Die Berechnung der gemischt-venösen Sauerstoffsättigung bei intrakardialen Kurzchlüssen und ihre Abhängigkeit von Alter, Narkose und Prämedikation

In patients with an intracardiac shunt, the oxygen saturation of the mixed venous blood cannot be measured, but it must be estimated from the oxygen saturation in the superior and in the inferior vena cava. We have evaluated the results of patients who had definitively no shunt and who had been catheterized for other reasons. Based on statistical principles we developed formulas to calculate the oxygen saturation of the mixed venous blood. We examined three group of patients: a) Children up to 11 years catheterized during general anaesthesia (58 patients) b) Children up to 11 years catheterized after premedication but without general anaesthesia (53 patients) c) Adults catheterized without general anaesthsia (59 patients) We found that the formulas from the patients who had been catheterized during general anaesthesia were quite different from those without anaesthesia. In the patients without an anaesthesia the superior vena cava was coupled with a much higher factor than the inferior vena cava; in patients with anaesthesia, the contribution of the inferior vena cava was stronger. The age of the patients had no significant influence on our formulas.