Application of the Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance Model: A Scoping Review.

The Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance (PEOP) Model is one of several occupation-based models in occupational therapy. The model describes the transactional nature of person, environment, and occupation factors that support performance (doing), participation (engagement), and well-being (health and quality of life). The purpose of this study was to explore the extent and nature of evidence on the PEOP Model. We used a scoping review to identify and analyze journal articles that used the PEOP Model as a framework for study. The PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) criteria were used to develop the research methods. We found 109 articles that adopted the PEOP Model as an organizing framework. The studies reviewed represent the breadth of occupational therapy practice and the transactional nature of person, environment, occupation, and performance in the PEOP Model. The PEOP Model is a useful international framework for research and practice across populations, conditions, life circumstances, settings, and areas of practice.

METHOD: We searched five databases to identify published articles that used the PEOP Model. Then, we analyzed our findings from peer-reviewed journals and peer-reviewed practice publications using a recommended process called a scoping review. We summarized how often the PEOP Model was used and the way in which it was used. FINDINGS: We found the PEOP Model was used in more than 100 published articles. The PEOP Model has been used to study everyday living for different populations, life circumstances, countries, and communities. Authors found the PEOP Model was helpful for identifying what was important to individuals and determining things that were helpful and barriers to everyday living. CONCLUSION: Authors described the PEOP Model as a useful tool in their research methods and analyses. Occupational therapy professionals may find the PEOP Model helpful in current and innovative areas of practice to help people achieve their goals related to everyday living.

The Person­Environment­Occupation­Performance (PEOP) Model: Summary of Current Research on an Occupational Therapy Lens for Everyday LivingBackground and Purpose: The Person­Environment­Occupation­Performance (PEOP) Model was developed to guide occupational therapy practice. The PEOP Model summarizes all the factors that support or limit our involvement in everyday living. By everyday living, we mean all the things we do to take care of ourselves, maintain our health and home, connect with friends and family, engage in meaningful activities, and support ourselves and our community through work and volunteering. The purpose of this study was to summarize the reasons why and the extent to which the PEOP Model was used in research and practice.

Barriers and Opportunities to Support the Oral Health of Older Adults: A Rapid Review of Health Policy and Systems.

Tooth decay and gum disease are reversible, preventable, and impact approximately 68% of older adults nationwide. While the Affordable Care Act added provisions to health prevention services, it did not cover oral health prevention for adults and older adults. A rapid review process was utilized to identify literature documenting system and policy level barriers and opportunities to address oral health equity issues for older adults in the United States. Twenty-five articles met inclusion criteria for analysis. Findings revealed four barrier and three opportunity themes. Recommendations of analysis include expansion of oral health coverage under Medicare and Medicaid along with community-based and co-located medical and dental services. This will address access and utilization barriers and provide education for older adults, health providers, and the general population. Increasing oral health literacy and population awareness, and prioritizing oral health can be met by capitalizing on opportunities found in this rapid review.

An approach to developing oral health knowledge for allied health students.

BACKGROUND: Oral health competency-based education approaches have been proposed as a mechanism to address oral health outcomes and equity issues. Recommendations for oral health education for allied health professional students include practices to increase team members' knowledge and skills in the integration of oral health and primary care practice (IOHPCP) initiative's oral health clinical competencies for primary care providers. AIMS: This study aimed to examine changes in self-reported knowledge of occupational students in the topics of oral health, the dental profession, and dental healthcare systems following participation in a series of webinars and a community-engaged learning project. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study utilized an oral health education program through webinars and a community-engaged learning project for occupational therapy students. Program evaluation measures were utilized to assess the oral health education activities through self-reported knowledge in oral health topics aligned with IOHPCP domains along with topics identified by the community partner organization. RESULTS: Findings demonstrate that asynchronous webinars can increase self-reported knowledge in occupational therapy students. DISCUSSION: Recommendations for inclusion of oral health education for allied health students related to knowledge of oral health, the dental profession, and dental healthcare systems are shared. CONCLUSIONS: Asynchronous webinars have the potential to increase self-reported oral health knowledge for allied health professionals.

Role of Occupational Therapy in Pediatric Primary Care: Promoting Childhood Development.

Occupational therapy practitioners have the opportunity to promote development for all children as new service delivery models are established for pediatric primary care. Three action steps are identified: (1) advocacy for legislation that requires developmental screenings and surveillance, (2) support of culturally responsive developmental monitoring, and (3) building evidence for occupational therapy in primary care settings. This article describes the role of occupational therapy practitioners on pediatric interprofessional teams in encouraging family capacity within the scope of health promotion and universal developmental monitoring.

Maximizing the use of the intraprofessional team to develop interprofessional pediatric primary care teams.

Pediatric well-child care focuses on growth, development, physical examination, and caregiver education for health prevention and promotion. There is limited time for providing all of these services within typical well-child visits. A series of research activities explored opportunities for interprofessional collaboration within pediatric primary care teams during well-child care. The four research activities included a focus group with occupational therapy practitioners, observations of well-child visits, and two caregiver surveys; two faculties and two students were involved as part of the intraprofessional research team. Results of the research activities identified opportunities for allied health professionals as part of the pediatric primary care team to support incongruence between current care delivery and caregiver preferences for care. While activity participation was found to be well addressed in primary care, an increased focus on understanding the impact of child and family habits, routines, and contexts on activity participation is an opportunity for interprofessional primary care teams to promote health outcomes for children.