Subject(s)
Congenital Abnormalities/virology , Fetus/abnormalities , Milk, Human/virology , Nervous System Diseases/virology , Zika Virus/isolation & purification , Adult , Body Fluids/virology , Brazil , Congenital Abnormalities/diagnostic imaging , Female , Fetus/diagnostic imaging , Fetus/virology , Genotype , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Mothers , Nervous System Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Phylogeny , Pregnancy , RNA, Viral/analysis , RNA, Viral/urine , Ultrasonography , Zika Virus/geneticsABSTRACT
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) could be an alternative for the treatment of swelling and pain after orthognathic surgery, but there is a paucity of data in the literature on the effects of its use. This study verified the efficacy of an LLLT protocol to reduce swelling and pain after orthognathic surgery. Ten healthy patients who underwent a bilateral sagittal split with Le Fort I osteotomy were randomly selected for this study. The LLLT protocol consisted of intraoral and extraoral application to one side of the face after surgery (irradiated side); application to the other side was simulated (non-irradiated side). The irradiated and non-irradiated sides were compared regarding the swelling coefficient and were assessed for pain using a visual analogue scale. There were no significant differences between the irradiated and non-irradiated sides regarding swelling and pain in the immediate postoperative assessment. Swelling decreased significantly on the irradiated side in the postoperative assessments on days 3, 7, 15, and 30. Self-reported pain was less intense on the irradiated side at the 24-h (1.2 vs. 3.4) and 3-day (0.6 vs. 2.1) assessments, but at 7 days after surgery neither side showed pain. This LLLT protocol can improve the tissue response and reduce the pain and swelling resulting from orthognathic surgery.
Subject(s)
Edema/prevention & control , Low-Level Light Therapy , Orthognathic Surgical Procedures , Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Adolescent , Adult , Cross-Over Studies , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Lasers, Semiconductor , Middle Aged , Orthodontics, Corrective , Osteotomy, Le Fort , Osteotomy, Sagittal Split Ramus , Pain Management , Pain Measurement , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
We assessed the susceptibility of Escherichia coli strains causing communityacquired urinary tract infection (UTI) in a large urban center in Brazil, comparing two different populations (patients with health insurance vs. uninsured). 581 nonduplicate strains of E. coli were isolated. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was greater than 20% for ampicillin (51%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (43%), tetracycline (41%) and chloramphenicol (22%). Overall, 12% of the E. coli isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Resistance prevalences to most antimicrobials were similar in the two study populations. Our data provide much needed information on the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among E. coli causing communityacquired UTI in Brazil. Antimicrobial resistance among strains of E. coli causing community-acquired UTIs was relatively high, particularly resistance to ciprofloxacin.