ABSTRACT
The aim of this trial was to implement a method to obtain a tool for analyses of tramadol and the main metabolite, o-desmethyltramadol (M1), in goat's plasma, and to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of these substances following intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) administration in female goats. The pharmacokinetics of tramadol and M1 were examined following i.v. or p.o. tramadol administration to six female goats (2 mg/kg). Average retention time was 5.13 min for tramadol and 2.42 min for M1. The calculated parameters for half-life, volume of distribution and total body clearance were 0.94+/-0.34 h, 2.48+/-0.58 L/kg and 2.18+/-0.23 L/kg/h following 2 mg/kg tramadol HCl administered intravenously. The systemic availability was 36.9+/-9.1% and half-life 2.67+/-0.54 h following tramadol 2 mg/kg p.o. M1 had a half-life of 2.89+/-0.43 h following i.v. administration of tramadol. Following p.o., M1 was not detectable.
Subject(s)
Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacokinetics , Goats/metabolism , Tramadol/analogs & derivatives , Tramadol/pharmacokinetics , Administration, Oral , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage , Analgesics, Opioid/blood , Animals , Area Under Curve , Female , Injections, Intravenous/veterinary , Tramadol/administration & dosage , Tramadol/bloodABSTRACT
We report a chronic myeloid leukemia patient without evidence of a Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome in whom RT-PCR analysis performed in blast crisis demonstrated the existence of both common b3a2 and b2a2 BCR/ABL fusion transcripts. In situ hybridization studies with BCR- and ABL-specific probes showed location of the BCR/ABL fusion gene on chromosome 9, band q34, instead of at chromosome 22q11, and that it resulted from an insertion of the 5' side of BCR within the ABL gene on chromosome 9. The vast majority of cells showed a BCR/ABL fusion gene on both chromosomes 9, which is equivalent to a double Ph chromosome, thus reinforcing the notion that the critical event in CML is the formation of a functional BCR/ABL fusion gene.
Subject(s)
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 , Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics , Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative/genetics , Mutation , Female , Humans , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , Middle Aged , Mutagenesis, Insertional , Philadelphia ChromosomeABSTRACT
The authors report a case of schistosomiasis mansoni with intraspinal localization on a 39 year old man who presented neurologic manifestation likely a Brown-Séquard syndrome. Cerebrospinal fluid examination showed positive immunofluorescent test for schistosomiasis, and treatment was started at once.
