ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The best management for AVM, particularly high-grade ones and those that have been ruptured before, is still unknown. Data from prospective data lacks support for the best approach. METHODS: We retrospectively review patients with AVM at a single institution that were treated with radiation or a combination of radiation and embolization. These patients were divided into two groups based on radiation fractionation: SRS and fSRS. RESULTS: One-hundred and thirty-five (135) patients were first assessed and 121 met study criteria. Mean age at treatment was 30.5 years, and most patients were male. The groups were otherwise balanced, except for nidus size. SRS group had smaller lesions (P > 0.005). SRS correlates to better chance of nidus occlusion and lesser chance of retreatment. Complications such as radionecrosis (5%) and bleeding after nidus occlusion (1 patient) were rare. CONCLUSIONS: Stereotactic radiosurgery plays an important role on the treatment of AVM. Whenever possible, SRS should be preferred. Data from prospective trials about larger and previously ruptured lesions are needed.
Subject(s)
Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations , Radiosurgery , Humans , Male , Female , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations/radiotherapy , Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations/surgery , Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations/complications , Prospective Studies , Follow-Up StudiesABSTRACT
Infection of the human central nervous system (CNS) by the larvae of Taenia solium, termed neurocysticercosis (NCC), is endemic in most developing countries, where it is a major cause of acquired seizures and other neurological morbidity, including neuropsychiatric symptoms. However, despite its frequent manifestation, some findings, such as cognitive impairment and dementia, remain poorly understood. Less commonly, NCC may affect the ventricular system and subarachnoid spaces and this form is known as extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis. A particular presentation of the subarachnoid form is called racemose cysticercosis, which has a progressive pattern, frequently leads to hydrocephalus and can be life-threatening. Here we review a case of the racemose variety of cysticercosis, complicated by hydrocephalus and reversible dementia, with remission of symptoms after derivation and that remained stable with use of dexchlorpheniramine. We discuss the challenges in diagnosis, imaging findings, treatment and follow-up of this disease.
A infecção do sistema nervoso central (SNC) pela larva da Taenia solium, intitulada neurocisticercose (NCC) é endêmica na maior parte dos países "em desenvolvimento", onde é a principal causa de convulsão adquirida, além de outras morbidades neurológicas, entre elas, sintomas neuropsiquiátricos. No entanto, apesar de manifestações neuropsiquiátricas serem frequentes, alguns achados, tais como comprometimento cognitivo e demência, continuam a ser mal compreendidos. Menos frequentemente, NCC pode afetar o sistema ventricular e espaços subaracnóideos e esta forma é conhecida como NCC extraparenquimatosa. Uma apresentação particular subaracnóidea, chamada cisticercose racemosa, é encontrada mais raramente, evolui de forma progressiva, associada a hidrocefalia e pode levar a morte. Neste artigo revisamos um caso da variedade racemosa de NCC, complicada com hidrocefalia e demência reversível que evoluiu com remissão dos sintomas após derivação ventricular e permaneceu estável com uso de dexclorfeniramina. Discutimos os desafios no diagnóstico, achados de imagem, tratamento e acompanhamento desta forma de doença.
