ABSTRACT
This study aimed to verify the association between the genotypic of the receptor gene activated by peroxisome proliferators gamma 2 (PPARy2) and the body composition and the specific indicators of adiposity in practitioners physical exercises, considering nutritional intake, age, and training load as influencing factors. It was conducted a cross-sectional study with 335 adults (47.9 ± 12.7 years, 138 men, body mass index/BMI = 27.0 ± 4.9 kg/m2), practitioners of aerobic exercises in cyclical modalities (running, walking and/or cycling, who spent 328.3 ± 193.6 kcal/day on physical training). The genotyping of the Pro12Ala polymorphism was performed using the PCR-RFLP technique and the body composition measured by bioimpedance (InBody 720). Energy expenditure was based on the compendium of physical activities and caloric intake was measured by 24 h recall questionnaire. The higher prevalence was for the Pro/Pro genotype (76.1% vs. 23.9% of Pro/Ala). Pro/Pro genotypic group showed significant higher mean values for body mass (BM) (p < 0.03 for men and p < 0.02 for women) and BMI (p < 0.00 for men and p < 0.02 for women) and %FAT (p < 0.00), waist-hip ratio (WHR) (p < 0.04), and visceral fat (VF) (p < 0.00) only in men compared to Pro/Ala. Higher frequency of Pro/Pro was observed in the category indicating BMI (p < 0.00 for men and p < 0.03 for women), WRH (p < 0.03 for men and p < 0.00 for women), and %FAT (p < 0.03) (in the latter case, only among men. It was also observed that the frequency of distribution of Pro/Ala in the eutrophic category of the BMI remained independent of all influencers, while WHR and %FAT were independent of the training load, but influenced by nutritional intake and age. In women, the frequency of Pro/Ala distribution at the lowest BMI and WHR values remained independent of all confounding variables. It is concluded that the Pro12Ala polymorphism in the PPARy2 gene consistently influences indicators of body composition and adiposity, regardless of the practitioners of physical training, but the relationship needs to be considered according to age and nutritional intake.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to determine the energy demand of one session of active video game (AVG) and its potential to reduce blood pressure (BP). Fourteen hypertensive (56.4±7.5 years) individuals performed sessions of AVG, a traditional sedentary video game sessions (SVG) and walking (WAL), as negative and positive controls, in a randomly determined order. Oxygen consumption and energy expenditure (EE) were measured during sessions. BP and cardiac autonomic modulation (CAM) were measured at rest and every 15 minutes of a 60-minute period of recovery from activities. A rating of enjoyment scale was also applied. AVG and WAL resulted in higher oxygen consumption (10.0±0.5 ml/kg/min and 16.6±3.1 ml/kg/min, respectively) and EE (3.5±0.2 kcal/min and 4.2±0.5 kcal/min) compared to 4.1±0.8 ml/kg/min and 1.4±0.1 kcal/min in SVG. A reduction in systolic and diastolic BP was evident following AVG sessions (-11.6±2.5 mmHg and -8.7±2.5 mmHg) and WAL (-10.8±2.8 mmHg and -8.6±2.3 mmHg) compared to pre-experiment value, and the same did not occur in SVG. All sessions promoted a feeling of enjoyment, with no difference between them. The parasympathetic activity was significantly lower at 30 and 45 minutes in post-WAL recovery (34.6±15.0 ms2 and 34.4±16.0 ms2) in the frequency domain (HF) in relation to both AVG (195.5±67.0 ms2 and 164.5±55.0 ms2) and the SVG (158.9±45.0 and 281.3±98.0 ms2). It is concluded that an AVG session promotes increased metabolic activity and is able to promote acute reduction of BP in hypertensive individuals similar to traditional walking exercise.
