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1.
Clin Exp Immunol ; 174(3): 424-32, 2013 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23962178

ABSTRACT

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has been implicated in accelerated T cell ageing. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients have a severely immunologically aged T cell compartment but also a high prevalence of CMV infection. We investigated whether CMV infection contributes to T cell ageing in ESRD patients. We determined the thymic output by the T cell receptor excision circle (TREC) content and percentage of CD31+ naïve T cells. The proliferative history of the T cell compartment by determination of the relative telomere length (RTL) and the T cell differentiation status was determined by immunophenotyping. It appeared that CMV infection did not affect thymic output but reduced RTL of CD8+ T cells in ESRD patients. Moreover, increased T cell differentiation was observed with higher percentages of CD57+ and CD28null CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells. These CD28null T cells had significantly shorter telomeres compared to CD28+ T cells. Therefore we concluded that CMV infection does not affect the decreased thymic output but increases T cell differentiation as observed in ESRD-related premature T cell ageing.


Subject(s)
Aging/immunology , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology , Cytomegalovirus Infections/immunology , Kidney Failure, Chronic/immunology , Adult , CD28 Antigens/metabolism , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism , CD57 Antigens/metabolism , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism , Cell Differentiation/immunology , Cell Proliferation , Cytomegalovirus/immunology , Female , Humans , Immunophenotyping , Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism , Kidney Failure, Chronic/virology , Male , Middle Aged , Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/immunology , Telomerase/metabolism , Telomere/genetics , Telomere Homeostasis/genetics , Uremia/metabolism , Uremia/virology
2.
Clin Exp Immunol ; 174(1): 179-91, 2013 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23750604

ABSTRACT

Detection and isolation of viable alloreactive T cells at the single-cell level requires a cell surface marker induced specifically upon T cell receptor activation. In this study, a member of the tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-family, CD137 (4-1BB) was investigated for its potential to identify the total pool of circulating alloreactive T cells. Optimal conditions for sensitive and specific detection of allogeneic-induced CD137 expression on circulating T cells were established. Thereafter, CD137(+) alloreactive T cells were phenotypically and functionally characterized by multi-parameter flow cytometry. Alloantigen-induced CD137 expression identified both alloreactive CD8(+) T cells (mean ± standard error of the mean: 0·21 ± 0·07%) and alloreactive CD4(+) T cells (0·21 ± 0·05%). CD137(+) alloreactive T cells were detected in different T cell subsets, including naive T cells, but were found preferentially in CD28(+) T cells and not in the terminally differentiated T cell subset. Upon allogeneic (re-)stimulation, the cytokine-producing as well as proliferative capacity of T cells resided mainly within the CD137-expressing fraction. About 10% of the CD137(+) alloreactive T cells produced any combination of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-2 and TNF-α. Polyfunctional alloreactive T cells, defined by multiple cytokine expression, were observed infrequently. In conclusion, activation-induced CD137 expression is a fast assay allowing for detection and functional analysis of the total alloreactive T cell compartment at the single-cell level by multi-parameter flow cytometry.


Subject(s)
Flow Cytometry/methods , Isoantigens/physiology , Lymphocyte Activation/immunology , T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology , Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9/biosynthesis , Antigen-Presenting Cells/cytology , Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology , Antigen-Presenting Cells/metabolism , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism , Cell Proliferation , Flow Cytometry/standards , Humans , Immunophenotyping/methods , Immunophenotyping/standards , Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed/methods , Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed/standards , Lymphocyte Depletion , Sensitivity and Specificity , Stem Cells/cytology , Stem Cells/immunology , Stem Cells/metabolism , T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology , T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism , Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9/genetics
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