ABSTRACT
Filoviruses, amongst the most lethal of primate pathogens, have only been reported as natural infections in sub-Saharan Africa and the Philippines. Infections of bats with the ebolaviruses and marburgviruses do not appear to be associated with disease. Here we report identification in dead insectivorous bats of a genetically distinct filovirus, provisionally named Lloviu virus, after the site of detection, Cueva del Lloviu, in Spain.
Subject(s)
Chiroptera/virology , Disease Reservoirs , Ebolavirus/isolation & purification , Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/veterinary , Animals , Base Sequence , DNA, Viral/analysis , Disease Outbreaks , Ebolavirus/genetics , Genome , Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/pathology , Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/virology , Lung/pathology , Lung/virology , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Spain , Spleen/pathology , Spleen/virologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To identify microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-section study was made in patients with type 2 diabetes with more than a year of evolution. Microalbuminuria was defined as the presence of 30 to 300 mg of albumin in urine of 24 hours. The socio-demographic characteristics, type of diet, exercise, type of antihypertensive and oral antihyperglycemic agents were analyzed. Basal glycemia after one and two months, and renal state were assessed. RESULTS: Of 301 type 2 diabetic patients, 251 had microalbuminuria. The mean age was 57.2 years old. Women predominated over men (1.4:1). The mean for diabetes evolution was nine years. The complication with more frequency was hypertensive cardiopathy 78.1 %. A medium protein diet was present in 49%. 62.2% exercised and 40.2% exercised less than 30 minutes. Mean GFR with creatinine clearance was 83.3 +/- 32 mL/min. 98% of the cases received oral antihyperglycemic agents. Basal glycemia, after one and two months, was, on average, 171.8 mg/dL, 190.1 mg/dL, and 217.4 mg/dL. 74.5% of the patients had hyperglycemia in the first measuring, 79.3% in the second one, and 70.5% in the third one. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of microalbuminuria was greater than the reported in literature (85.3%). A poor control of glycemia was showed.
Subject(s)
Albuminuria/etiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Diabetic Nephropathies/etiology , Hypertension/complications , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Albuminuria/diagnosis , Albuminuria/epidemiology , Blood Glucose/analysis , Blood Pressure , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Diabetic Nephropathies/diagnosis , Diabetic Nephropathies/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Hypertension/diagnosis , Hypertension/epidemiology , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Middle Aged , PrevalenceABSTRACT
This paper is about a new model of dressing, used for the protection of all types of temporary and permanent catheters. Those who developed this dressing realised the practical difficulties during the placement and removal of traditional dressings, used in haemodialysis units. They also realised that it this was unpleasant for the patients, and there was a risk to the catheters when removing the dressings because of the use of scissors and other cutting instruments. This new dressing solves these previously mentioned problems and at the same time contributes to the comfort of the patients. The model has been registered as a standard using model, and therefore it is protected by law and its copyright (Intellectual Property).
