ABSTRACT
Summary: Anaphylaxis is a potentially fatal hypersensitivity reaction but frequently underrecognized. Although its incidence rates vary according to geographical location, it seems clear that there has been a general increase in recent years, either because of greater recognition of this entity or because it is progressing proportionally to the presence of allergic diseases in the world. The development of anaphylaxis management guidelines adapted to local or regional needs seems of utmost importance. Furthermore, it is necessary to assess their implementation and their positive effect regarding diagnosing and treating anaphylaxis. In this review we explore the currently existing definitions of anaphylaxis and its epidemiology, the potential triggers of anaphylaxis and guideline recommendations in terms of diagnosis and management, proposing a novel anaphylaxis calculator and reviewing the current scoring methods for anaphylactic episodes.
Subject(s)
Anaphylaxis , Humans , Anaphylaxis/diagnosis , Anaphylaxis/epidemiology , Anaphylaxis/therapy , Epinephrine , IncidenceSubject(s)
Hypersensitivity , Kounis Syndrome , Humans , Vanadium , Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Patch TestsSubject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Food Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Citrullus/adverse effects , Skin TestsSubject(s)
COVID-19 , Drug Hypersensitivity , Skin Diseases , Antiviral Agents , Drug Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Humans , SARS-CoV-2Subject(s)
Annona , Food Hypersensitivity , Allergens , Antigens, Plant , Food Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Glycosyltransferases , HumansABSTRACT
Rapid drug desensitization has enabled first-line therapies in patients with drug hypersensitivity reactions to chemotherapeutic drugs including monoclonal antibodies. Desensitization is a safe and highly effective procedure, not only for IgE-mediated reactions, but also for those mediated by non-IgE mechanisms. The likelihood of breakthrough reactions during desensitization is low, and most are mild; in fact, moderate-to-severe reactions are infrequent. In this document, 16 allergy departments belonging to the Spanish research network ARADyAL present a review of the available scientific evidence and provide general guidelines for the diagnosis and management of drug hypersensitivity reactions to chemotherapeutic drugs and monoclonal antibodies. Emphasis is placed on the desensitization procedure.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological , Drug Hypersensitivity , Neoplasms , Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use , Desensitization, Immunologic , Drug Hypersensitivity/drug therapy , Drug Hypersensitivity/therapy , Humans , Neoplasms/drug therapySubject(s)
COVID-19 Vaccines , COVID-19 , Arm , BNT162 Vaccine , Health Personnel , Humans , RNA, Messenger , SARS-CoV-2Subject(s)
COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use , COVID-19/prevention & control , Hypersensitivity/therapy , Mass Vaccination , SARS-CoV-2/immunology , Vaccines, Synthetic/therapeutic use , BNT162 Vaccine , COVID-19/immunology , COVID-19/virology , COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects , Drug Hypersensitivity/immunology , Drug Hypersensitivity/prevention & control , Host-Pathogen Interactions , Humans , Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Hypersensitivity/immunology , Immunocompromised Host , Mass Vaccination/adverse effects , Patient Safety , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Vaccines, Synthetic/adverse effects , mRNA VaccinesABSTRACT
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