Assessment of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Monitoring Shaft Vibrations of Hydraulic Turbines.

The structural dynamic response of hydraulic turbines needs to be continuously monitored to predict incipient failures and avoid catastrophic breakdowns. Current methods based on traditional off-board vibration sensors mounted on fixed components do not permit inferring loads induced on rotating parts with enough accuracy. Therefore, the present paper assesses the performance of fiber Bragg grating sensors to measure the vibrations induced on a rotating shaft-disc assembly partially submerged in water resembling a hydraulic turbine rotor. An innovative mounting procedure for installing the sensors is developed and tested, which consists of machining a thin groove along a shaft line to embed a fiber-optic array that can pass through the bearings. At the top of the shaft, a rotary joint is used to extract, in real time, the signals to the interrogator. The shaft strain distribution is measured with high spatial resolution at different rotating speeds in air and water. From this, the natural frequencies, damping ratios, and their associated mode shapes are quantified at different operating conditions. Additionally, the change induced in the modes of vibration by the rotation effects is well captured. All in all, these results validate the suitability of this new fiber-optic technology for such applications and its overall better performance in terms of sensitivity and spatial resolution relative to traditional equipment. The next steps will consist of testing this new sensing technology in actual full-scale hydraulic turbines.

Integra as Firstline Treatment for Scalp Reconstruction in Elderly Patients.

PURPOSE: Large scalp defects pose a reconstructive problem especially in elderly patients. The purpose of the study is to describe our experience of oncologic scalp reconstruction using a dermal matrix (Integra). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study (January 2007 to March 2021) of patients who had undergone scalp tumor excision and reconstruction using Integra and a split-thickness skin graft (STSG). The primary end point was Integra and STSG success (defined by ≥75% percent take) and the secondary end point was postoperative complications. Both end points were assessed by the surgeon during follow-up. Demographic data, tumor characteristics, average defect size, time between stages and full-thickness scalp defects were characterized using descriptive statistics. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between variables and end points. RESULTS: The sample included 70 patients with a mean (SD) age of 83.3 (7.0) years, 75.7% men and 92.9% with comorbidities. Mean (SD) defect area was 23 (17.0) cm2 and the mean (SD) first-to-second phase interval was 30.6 (8.4) days. Sixty-four patients (91.4%) underwent outpatient surgery. Integra and STSG success rates were 87.1% (95% CI: 77.69 to 93.74%) and 100%, respectively. The complications rate was 18.6% (95% CI: 9 to 28%). Mean (SD) follow-up was 18 (16.7) months. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed no association between variables and the primary and secondary end points. CONCLUSIONS: Reconstruction of oncologic scalp defects using Integra can be performed under sedation and local anesthesia. Integra should be considered as firstline treatment for the reconstruction of scalp defects in elderly patients with comorbidities, given the low postoperative major complications rate and Integra and STSG take success.

Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Underwater Vibration Measurement: Potential Hydropower Applications.

The present paper assesses the performance and characteristics of fiber Bragg grating sensors, with a special interest in their applications in hydraulic machinery and systems. The hydropower industry is turning to this technology with high expectations of obtaining high quality data to validate and calibrate numerical models that could be used as digital twins of key assets, further strengthening the sector's relevant position within industry 4.0. Prior to any validation, fiber Bragg grating sensors' ability to perform well underwater for long periods of time with minimal degradation, and their ease of scalability, drew the authors´ attention. A simplified modal analysis of a partially submerged beam is proposed here as a first step to validate the potential of this type of technology for hydropower applications. Fiber Bragg grating sensors are used to obtain the beam's natural frequencies and to damp vibrations under different conditions. The results are compared with more established waterproof electric strain gauges and a laser vibrometer with good agreement. The presence of several sensors in a single fiber ensures high spatial resolution, fundamental to precisely determine vibration patterns, which is a main concern in this industry. In this work, the beam's vibration patterns have been successfully captured under different excitations and conditions.

Surgical management of ameloblastoma. Review of literature.

BACKGROUND: Ameloblastoma is an odontogenic tumor that represents 1% of all tumors in the oral cavity and it is clinically classified in three types. Currently, solid and multi-cystic are considered locally aggressive, with high recurrence rates with conservative treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Objective of the present review is to assess whether the surgical treatment should be conservative or radical. English articles published between 2009-2014, with available summary and in humans were included. RESULTS: 241 articles were found, 188 were excluded because analyzing. 53 articles were analyzed and finally 14 were selected for this review. CONCLUSIONS: The optimal surgical treatment of ameloblastoma should minimize recurrences, restore function and aesthetic and present a minimal morbidity in the donor area. Surgical planning must be performed based on the patient comorbidities, the size and location of the tumor, the techniques available for reconstruction and the surgeon's experience-Radical surgery appears to be the most recommended option in multicystic / solid and advanced unicystic tumors, along with long-term follow-up for the possibility of recurrence beyond 10 year. Conservative surgery combined with a support technique and long-term follow-up is reserved for the unicystic and multicystic / solid types if small extension. Prospective and randomized studies for ameloblastoma are recommended. Key words:Ameloblastoma, surgery, enucleation, radical.

Embarazo ectópico ovárico: reporte de un caso / Ovarian ectopic pregnancy: acase report

El embarazo ectópico es un trastorno que reviste gran importancia por las complicaciones que su evolución lleva implícita en la mujer, resulta poco común, su incidencia es de 0,3-3 por ciento. Se reporta el caso de una mujer de 39 años de edad atendida por nuestro equipo en el cumplimiento de una misión internacionalista en un hospital municipal, Ghana, África, con el diagnóstico clínico de un embarazo. Ultrasonográficamente se diagnosticó un embarazo ectópico a nivel del ovario, en esta oportunidad se le propuso a la señora interrupción del embarazo y por situaciones económicas, no accedió y se fue a su casa. Volvió 12 semanas más tarde y el feto estaba muerto. Se operó por laparotomía y se extrajo un feto femenino de alrededor de 36 semanas de embarazo. Fue dada de alta cinco días después con una evolución satisfactoria (AU)

Ectopic pregnancy is a disorder of great importance for the complications its evolution is implicit in woman, turns out to be uncommon, its incidence is about 0,3-3 percent. A case of a 39 years old woman attended by our team in the fulfillment of an internationalist mission at a municipal hospital, Ghana, Africa is reported, with a pregnancy as clinical diagnosis. Ultrasonography diagnosed an ectopic pregnancy to the ovary level, in this opportunity interruption of pregnancy was proposed to the woman and for economic situations, she did not agree and she went to her house. She returned 12 weeks later and the fetus was dead. She had an operation for laparotomy and a female fetus about 36 weeks of pregnancy was extracted. She was discharged from the hospital five days after with a satisfactory evolution (AU)

Embarazo ectópico ovárico: reporte de un caso / Ovarian ectopic pregnancy: a case report

El embarazo ectópico es un trastorno que reviste gran importancia por las complicaciones que su evolución lleva implícita en la mujer, resulta poco común, su incidencia es de 0,3-3 por ciento. Se reporta el caso de una mujer de 39 años de edad atendida por nuestro equipo en el cumplimiento de una misión internacionalista en un hospital municipal, Ghana, África, con el diagnóstico clínico de un embarazo. Ultrasonográficamente se diagnosticó un embarazo ectópico a nivel del ovario, en esta oportunidad se le propuso a la señora interrupción del embarazo y por situaciones económicas, no accedió y se fue a su casa. Volvió 12 semanas más tarde y el feto estaba muerto. Se operó por laparotomía y se extrajo un feto femenino de alrededor de 36 semanas de embarazo. Fue dada de alta cinco días después con una evolución satisfactoria.

Ectopic pregnancy is a disorder of great importance for the complications its evolution is implicit in woman, turns out to be uncommon, its incidence is about 0,3-3 percent. A case of a 39 years old woman attended by our team in the fulfillment of an internationalist mission at a municipal hospital, Ghana, Africa is reported, with a pregnancy as clinical diagnosis. Ultrasonography diagnosed an ectopic pregnancy to the ovary level, in this opportunity interruption of pregnancy was proposed to the woman and for economic situations, she did not agree and she went to her house. She returned 12 weeks later and the fetus was dead. She had an operation for laparotomy and a female fetus about 36 weeks of pregnancy was extracted. She was discharged from the hospital five days after with a satisfactory evolution.

El sismo de Tecomán, Colima del 21 de enero de 2003 (Me 7.6)

El 21 de enero de 2003, a las 20:06 hora local ocurrió un sismo de magnitud Me=7.6, con epicentro frente a las costas del estado de Colima. En este informe se presentan, de manera resumida las características sismológicas del evento. Se describen las observaciones, hechas durante una visita a la zona afectada, del comportamiento de hospitales, escuelas, viviendas, puentes monumentos históricos y edificios públicos y de uso comercial. Se incluye, también, una evaluación económica del costo de reconstrucción de los daños causados por el sismo. Finalmente, se señalan algunos aspectos que deben atenderse en el campo de la protección civil en México.(AU)

Cáncer ovárico: estudio anatomoclínico / Ovarian cancer. anatomoclinical study

Se estudiaron 118 pacientes con cáncer primario de ovario atendidas de 1979 a 1988 en el Hospital Civil de Guadalajara; analizando las variables epidemiológicas, aspectos clinicopatológicas y tratamiento. Veinte porciento de las paciente fueron clasificadas en etapa I, 14 casos (11.8 por ciento) etapa II, 37 (31 por ciento) etapa III y 43 (36 por ciento) etapa IV. El estadio primario de la enfermedad fue confirmado por laparotomía, la edad promedio fue de 50 años, que corresponde a lo informado para carcinoma invasor de ovario. A setenta y siete pacientes se les administró quimioterapia postoperatoria con platino más adriamicina y ciclofosfamida o vincristina; 12 recibieron radioterapia, Trece fueron evaluados con laparotomía de segunda mirada, en 12 de éstos no existía evidencia clínica de enfermedad residual, en 6 de ellos se demostró tumor residual macroscópico en la cirugía. Se efectuó seguimiento en 89 pacientes y en 21 casos no hubo evidencia de enfermedad entre 12 y 48 meses con una media de 21 meses. El estudio clinicopatológico mostró predominio de tumores epiteliales de superficie serosos y quísticos. La totalidad de los aspectos anatómicos de los tumors malignos son importantes desde el punto de vista de la diferenciación benigna de los tumores