Effect of Drosophila suzukii on Blueberry VOCs: Chemical Cues for a Pupal Parasitoid, Trichopria anastrephae.

Biocontrol agents such as parasitic wasps use long-range volatiles and host-associated cues from lower trophic levels to find their hosts. However, this chemical landscape may be altered by the invasion of exotic insect species. The spotted-wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is a highly polyphagous fruit pest native to eastern Asia and recently arrived in South America. Our study aimed to characterize the effect of SWD attack on the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of blueberries, a common host fruit, and to correlate these odor changes with the olfactory-mediated behavioral response of resident populations of Trichopria anastrephae parasitoids, here reported for the first time in Uruguay. Using fruit VOC chemical characterization followed by multivariate analyses of the odor blends of blueberries attacked by SWD, we showed that the development of SWD immature stages inside the fruit generates a different odor profile to that from control fruits (physically damaged and free of damage). These differences can be explained by the diversity, frequency, and amounts of fruit VOCs. The behavioral response of T. anastrephae in Y-tube bioassays showed that female wasps were significantly attracted to volatiles from SWD-attacked blueberries when tested against both clean air and undamaged blueberries. Therefore, T. anastrephae females can use chemical cues from SWD-infested fruits, which may lead to a successful location of their insect host. Since resident parasitoids are able to locate this novel potential host, biological control programs using local populations may be plausible as a strategy for control of SWD.

Ecological and physiological thermal niches to understand distribution of Chagas disease vectors in Latin America.

In order to assess how triatomines (Hemiptera, Reduviidae), Chagas disease vectors, are distributed through Latin America, we analysed the relationship between the ecological niche and the limits of the physiological thermal niche in seven species of triatomines. We combined two methodological approaches: species distribution models, and physiological tolerances. First, we modelled the ecological niche and identified the most important abiotic factor for their distribution. Then, thermal tolerance limits were analysed by measuring maximum and minimum critical temperatures, upper lethal temperature, and 'chill-coma recovery time'. Finally, we used phylogenetic independent contrasts to analyse the link between limiting factors and the thermal tolerance range for the assessment of ecological hypotheses that provide a different outlook for the geo-epidemiology of Chagas disease. In triatomines, thermo-tolerance range increases with increasing latitude mainly due to better cold tolerances, suggesting an effect of thermal selection. In turn, physiological analyses show that species reaching southernmost areas have a higher thermo-tolerance than those with tropical distributions, denoting that thermo-tolerance is limiting the southern distribution. Understanding the latitudinal range along its physiological limits of disease vectors may prove useful to test ecological hypotheses and improve strategies and efficiency of vector control at the local and regional levels.

Rehabilitación estética del sector anterior con cerámica libre de metal. Reporte de caso / Esthetic rehabilitation of the anterior sector with metal-free ceramic. Case Report

Los requerimientos esteticos en la odontología actual son bastante altos por parte de nuestros pacientes y los profesionales deben estar capacitados para ofrecer las mejores alternativas técnicas y procedimentales. Además el profesional debe de estar preparado en las diferentes  áreas de la odontología para así identificar los procedimientos más adecuados a realizar. El objetivo de éste trabajo enfocó el manejo multidisciplinario en la rehabilitación del sector anterosuperior con la participación de las especialidades de endodoncia, periodoncia y rehabilitación oral. Los resultados obtenidos fueron satisfactorios para el paciente ya que se logró rehabilitar adecuadamente las piezas dentales involucradas desde un punto de vista estético y funcional. Concluimos que en la odontología actual en donde la estética prima en nuestros tratamientos el profesional debe de estar capacitado para poder saber elegír los materiales más adecuados para sus tratamientos sin descuidar los aspectos funcionales.

The current dental aesthetic requirements are quite high by our patients and professionals must be able to offer the best technical and procedural alternatives. Also the professional must be prepared in different areas of dentistry to thus identify the most appropriate procedures to carry out. The aim of this work focused on the multidisciplinary handling in the rehabilitation of the anterosuperior sector with the participation of the specialties of Endodontics, Periodontics and oral rehabilitation. The results obtained were satisfactory for the patient since it managed to properly rehabilitate the teeth involved from an aesthetic and functional point of view. We conclude that current dentistry where aesthetic prevails in our treatments professional must be able to to know how to choose the most appropriate materials for their treatments without neglecting functional aspects.

Propuesta de clasificación para las fracturas expuestas / A proposal for classification of open fracturas

Se presenta una propuesta de clasificación para las fracturas expuestas tal como se emplea en nuestro hospital, basada en la de Gustilo, pero con ampliaciones que incluyen en forma específica a las amputaciones traumáticas y a las fracturas por proyectil de arma de fuego de alta y de baja velocidad

The histopathology and biologic prognostic factors of Barrett's esophagus: a review.

In Barrett's esophagus, stratified squamous mucosa of the lower third of the esophagus is replaced by columnar mucosa, as a complication of chronic gastroesophageal reflux. The presence of Barrett's esophagus appears to be a major factor in the progression to adenocarcinoma of the lower third of the esophagus. Therefore it is crucial to identify the subset of patients at risk for the development of adenocarcinoma. Dysplasia is an important histologic feature to evaluate because it identifies those patients who require follow-up. The diagnosis of biopsies with lesser degrees of abnormalities, however, makes microscopic evaluation less helpful in identifying patients who need more frequent endoscopic biopsy surveillance. DNA ploidy and the use of monoclonal antibodies, such as suppressor gene product p53, oncogene cerbB-2, and Ki-67, have added dramatically to our understanding of the biology of Barrett's metaplasia and have given us objective indicators to predict the presence of an increased risk of developing cancer.

Unilateral polycystic (dysgenetic) disease of the parotid gland.

We report a case of unilateral polycystic disease of the parotid gland. Only eight cases of this disease have previously been published in the English language literature, and seven of them were bilateral. Thus, we are reporting the second case of unilateral involvement. The disease is apparently limited to the parotid gland and to women. Clinically, a fluctuating, long-standing, nontender parotid gland swelling is usually noticed in adulthood. Histologically, there are numerous epithelial-lined cysts, which appear to be derived from intercalated ducts. This disease probably represents a developmental condition.

Visceral larva migrans mimicking rheumatic diseases.

OBJECTIVE: To report rheumatologic or rheumatologic-like manifestations of the visceral larva migrans (VLM) syndrome. METHODS: We carried out a prospective study of patients with VLM seen in a private practice setting in Mexico City between 1990 and 1993. RESULTS: From a population of 600 patients we identified 6 patients (5 women) with VLM. Three patients complained of arthralgia; in 4 a history of migratory cutaneous lesions was elicited, and in one monoarthritis of the right knee was found. One patient had deep edema that suggested thrombophlebitis of the right arm; the man in our series had right testicular swelling during followup. In 2 cases, panniculitis was documented by biopsy and in one, small vessel vasculitis. Four patients had frequent contact with dogs and one with cats; 4 patients frequently ate raw fish. The diagnosis of VLM was confirmed either by the clinical picture, biopsy, or ELISA: CONCLUSION: The spectrum of rheumatological manifestations in VLM may be wider than previously thought.